Review of Knowledge (ROK)
Course NR 283
Exam Exam 1
Purpose
The Review of Knowledge (ROK) focuses on course outcomes, unit outcomes and key
... [Show More] concepts to enhance student success on exams. Use this document as a focused guide for study in conjunction with assigned readings, PowerPoint presentations, and other course resources. Supplement this document by outlining your own notes from the textbook chapters and place your expanded more detailed notes in the Student Notes column. This document should NOT be used as a substitute for completing the assigned readings.
Chapter 4
Cellular Alterations and Adaptation
Key Concepts Chapters Student Notes
Cell adaptation
Cell alteration
Cell necrosis
Aging
Frailty
Somatic death Chapter 4 Atrophy-shrinkage of cell size
Hypertrophy- increase in cell size –causes organ to enlarge.
Dysplasia-abnormal
Hyperplasia- increase in # of cells.
Metaplasia- reversible replacement of on cell for another cell-these cells do not always act as the other cells.
Cells will try to adapt to their environment. All forms of disease begin with cell injury.
Cell death-necrosis-the sum of cellular changes after local cell death and the process of cellular autodigestion.
Coagulative Necrosis-protein denaturation-kidneys, heart, adrenal glands
Liquefative Necrosis- caused by bacterial infection- Staph, Strep, and E.coli- Neurons and glial cells of the brain.
Caseous Necrosis- Combo of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis- Turberculous-pulmonary infection-looks like cream cheese.
Gangrenous Necrosis- Death of tissue from sever hypoxic injury
Dry-Wet-Gas
Atrophy, decreased function of cell, and loss of cells. Leads to Progressive stiffness and rigidity. Sarcopenia-loss of muscle tissue due to aging.
Delicate and unbalanced- mobility, balance, muscle strength, motor activity, cognition, nutrition, endurance, falls, fractures and bone density.
Death of the entire person- cessation of breathing, and circulation. 3 postmortem changes- Algor mortis-temp change. Livor mortis- skin color change. Rigor Mortis- Muscle stiffness and rigidity [Show Less]