Pathology
Injury, infection of the body
EX: paralysis, smoking, vitamin A deficiency, cancer
Physiology
Normal body processes
EX: puberty,
... [Show More] growth, child birth
Carcinogenesis
*Pathology
-process of cancer developement
-cell can't fix the mistake
Antigen
*Pathology
-a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body
Necrosis
*Pathology
-cellular death the cell experience after prolonged hypoxia
-unplanned, messy , effects the environment and other cells
Nondisjunction
*Pathology
-the cell doesn't split right
-mutations happen because of this
EX: trisomy 21
Decompensation
*Pathology
-failure of an organ to function
Ischemia
*Pathology
-lack of oxygen to the point of causing damage to our cells
Anaplasia
*Pathology
-Undifferentiated
-no function
-cancer
-aggressiveness of a tumor
Chronic inflammation
*Pathology
-prolonged acute inflammation or chronic irritation
-decreased swelling
-tissue damage
-increased leukocytes and fibroblasts
-impaired cell replication
-increased risk of injury, disease, cancer
Metaplasia
*Pathology
-1 cell gets replaced by another(reversible)
-Smokers
Metastasis
*Pathology
Spread to other parts of the body through blood or lymph nodes
Benign
*Pathology
Organized, contained, don't move
Autoantibodies
*Pathology
-cannot distinguish self from non-self
Dysplasia
*Pathology
-Different size, shape, organization
-pre-cancerous cells
Alkalosis
*Pathology
-Increased irritability of the nervous system
Ex: muscle twitching, restlessness, tingling, tetany, seizures, coma, death
Compensation: shallow, slow breathing or urine retention.
Immunodeficiency
*Pathology
-compromised immune system
-increased risk of cancer
opportunistic infection
-AIDs
EX: trasplant patients, infants, elderly, cancer, HIV+
Allergies
*Pathology
Acidosis
*Pathology
-Effects are manifested by the nervous system
Ex: Headache, lethargy, weakness, confusion, coma, death
Compensation: deep, rapid breathing or secretion of urine with low pH.
Risk factors
*Pathology
Malignant
*Pathology
-spread to other parts of body
-metastasis to blood and lymph
Chromosomal Anomalies
*Pathology
-#1 cause of miscarriages
Autosomal Recessive
*Pathology
-Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell, color blindness
-Both parents are carriers
-Children may be affected or be carriers
25%diseased/50% carrier/25% healthy
Autosomal Dominant
*Pathology
-Huntington's disease, Marfan's
-one parent is an affected carrier
-one parent is normal
50/50 chance
Hypertrophy
*Both
-increased in size
Physiologic: consistent exercise on skeletal muscle, enlarged tissue mass
Patho: excessive hormonal stimulation, heart failure
Hyperplasia
*Both
-increased number
Physiology: uterine enlargement during pregnancy
Patho: hormones
Anaerobic Glycolysis
*Both
-without oxygen
-Breaking down glucose without ATP, pyruvic acid= lactic acid(once it leaves the cell)
*temporary
Atrophy
*Both
-decreased in size
-Patho: immobility, bedrest, paralysis
-physiologic: aging, decreased use
Multifactorial Inheritance
*Both
-environmental influence
Angiogenesis
*Both
-growth of blood vessels
Histamine
*Both
-vasodilation and increased permeability
Edema
*Both
-increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased osmotic pressure, lymphatic obstruction, increased capillary permeability
- The accumulation of excess fluid in intracellular or interstitial space [Show Less]