NR 228 Review for Exam 2 (LATEST VERSION) 2024 with Complete Solutions.
Nutrition factors of aging adults, including malnutrition
Role of adults in
... [Show More] feeding children and factors that influence
nutrition in children
Protein intake related to life span
Protein intake specific increase by g/kg severe stress
Iron needs: men vs women
Vitamin D uptake related to aging adults
Noninvasive measurements
Screening of hospitalize patients for nutritional status
Types of diets: clear liquid, full liquid, enteral feeding, low fiber,
soft, high calorie, high protein
Commercial enteral formula vs home-blended enteral formula
Alcohol abuse and liver disorders
Transmission of hepatitis, risk factors for hepatitis, diets for patients with hepatitis
Care of patients with ascites, cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy
Pancreatitis related to enteral feedings
Cystic fibrosis: cause, diet for
Type 2 diabetes
Hemoglobin A1C (HgbA1C) desired lab value
Main difference between types of exogenous insulin
Cause of constipation in pregnant women
Outcome of pregnant women with high blood glucose – related to newborn
Drug therapy for children with type 2 diabetes
Cholesterol: LDL, HDL
Dietary protection for cancer prevention
Review vitamins related to: energy use, reproduction needs, blood formation
Difference between primary and secondary malnutrition
Ways to measure adequate diet intake
Nursing diagnoses for patients with inadequate nutrition
DASH diet
Random notes: (from Quiz 2)
o CIRRHOSIS: The ammonia levels become high, leading to → hepatic encephalopathy
“cerebral intoxication” (severe confusion). The patient is administered lactulose,
which has a laxative effect. The client defecates, lowering ↓ the build-up of ammonia,
correcting the encephalopathy that comes with cirrhosis
o The patient may have to have the gallbladder removed (cholecystectomy) if the
gallstones increase and the symptoms become intolerable
DIABETES
o Type 1 DM: The pt. does not make insulin & REQUIRES insulin to lower blood sugar
and to allow nutrients to enter and feed the cells.
3 P’s: Polydipsia, Polyphagia, and Polyuria
Polydipsia (drink a lot due to extreme thirst)
Polyphagia (eat a lot)
Polyuria (urinate a lot)
Greatest risk: DEHYDRATION- drink out of extreme thirst and should
not have fluids withheld.
Hypoglycemia (blood sugar that is too low <70)
o Type 2 DM: pt. still makes their own insulin, but the cells FAIL to respond to the
insulin produced
o Gestational Diabetes = diabetes during pregnancy
baby is usually LARGER than normal
baby & mother have a HIGHER ↑ propensity to become Type 2
Diabetics later on
o Stressors, including illness, makes the BS go so much higher that a pt. might require
insulin injections, even if they are on the oral form of diabetic medication.
LECTURE NOTES (11/19):
o Healthiest babies: ones that are nursed by their mother; babies need their initial
colostrum to help with passive immunity (natural immunity that a baby gets from
their mother)
o lactation can occur because of the rise of oxytocin; prolactin is responsible for
making the milk; oxytocin is responsible for letting that milk bringing that
breast to the nipple “milk lets down” and milk goes down mammary glands so
that the baby can get it. (p. 189)
o GERD & Pregnancy: heartburn → little baby right on the bladder and the bowels and
it adds pressure to the abdomen which increases pressure on the abdomen and
pushes gastric contents back UP the esophagus; can be a problem during pregnancy
o uterus pushes the stomach inwards, and that pressure pushes the gastric
contents up through the sphincter that should keep it out
o when they sleep at night, they can get horrible heartburn and belch often;
also: constipation (slows GI motility); adding puking + dehydration can make
dehydration worse.
o Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency
o Babies: may need vitamin K injections after birth b/c their bodies do not
produce it yet (somewhere in GI tract?)
Review for Exam 2 NR228
Nutrition factors of aging adults, including malnutrition
Role of adults in feeding children and factors that influence nutrition in children
Protein intake related to life span (p. 191)
o Infants: 9 grams of protein a day
o 6-months: 11 grams a day
o adult: in the u.s., we consume more protein than we need. [Show Less]