Know the definition of health promotion
➔ Definitions vary
➔ O’Donnell Definition: “the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle
... [Show More] to
move toward a state of optimal health”
➔ Kreuter & Devore Definition: “the process of advocating health in order to enhance the
probability that personal (individual, family, community), private (professional &
business), and public (federal, state, local govt.) support of positive health practices will
become a societal norm”
Know the WHO definition of health and what WHO is
➔ Defined as “the state of complete, physical, mental, and social well-being; not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
➔ WHO is an agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public
health
Know differences of wellness education vs. health promotion
➔ Closely related, overlap to some extent
➔ Wellness education: teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way;
includes topics such as
◆ Physical awareness
◆ Stress management
◆ Self-responsibility
➔ Health promotion: promotes activities like routine exercise, good nutrition to help
patients maintain/enhance their present levels of health
Know the levels of prevention
➔ Primary Prevention
◆ True prevention
◆ Precedes disease
◆ Applied to patients considered physically, emotionally healthy
◆ Includes health education programs, immunizations, nutritional programs,
physical fitness activities
➔ Secondary Prevention
◆ Focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems/illness and are at
risk
◆ Activities directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention
◆ Mostly delivered in homes, hospitals, nursing facilities
◆ Includes screening techniques, treating early stages of disease
➔ Tertiary Prevention
◆ Occurs when defect/disability is permanent and irreversible
◆ Involves minimizing effects of long-term disease/disability by interventions
directed at prevention complications/deteriorations
◆ Activities directed at rehabilitation
NR 222 HW Exam 1 Review Group Chamberlain College of
Nursing
Know what Healthy People 2020 is, its major goals, and the nurse’s role in achievement
of these goals
➔ Healthy People 2020 serves as road-map for improving the health of all people in
the US
➔ Promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives
➔ 4 Goals:
◆ Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease
◆ Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups
◆ Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
◆ Promote quality of life (QoL), healthy development, healthy behaviors across all
life stages
➔ Nurse’s Roles:
◆ Advocate
● Helps individuals obtain what they’re entitled to receive through the
healthcare system
● Try to make system more responsive to individual/community needs
● Help person advocate for themselves
◆ Care manager
● Prevent duplication of services
● Maintain quality and safety
● Reduce costs
◆ Consultant
● May provide knowledge about health promotion and disease prevention
● Some have specialized areas of advanced practice/expertise
(gerontology, women’s health, community/public health)
◆ Deliverer of services
● Core role is delivery of direct services
● ex.) health education, flu shots, counseling in health promotion
◆ Educator
● Individuals are unique in their response to efforts to changing behavior
● Teaching may range from chance remark by nurse or structurally
planned teaching according to individual needs
● Health promotion/protection heavily rely on individual’s ability to use
appropriate knowledge
◆ Healer
● Requires nurse to help individuals integrate and balance the various parts
of patient’s life
● Mindful blending of science and subjectivity
Know the cost of financing health care and its sources of funding
➔ Hospital spending accounts for 31% of national health expenditure
◆ Is expected to continue growing 6.3% per year (as of 2010)
➔ Many other countries spend far less per capita, but life expectancy is greater & infant
mortality rates are lower
➔ US spends more than any other country in healthcare dollars per person
➔ Factors driving costs:
◆ General inflation
◆ Healthcare cost inflation
◆ Application of new/more advanced technologies
◆ Growth in proportion of older adults
◆ Government financing of healthcare services [Show Less]