Details of NR 222 Exam 1 Study Concepts Chamberlain College of Nursing 2021
Ch1.
6 pioneers of nursing: contribution to nursing field
● Florence
... [Show More] Nightingale:
o Sanitation
o Taught hygiene and the transmission of disease.
o Cared for sick and wounded soldiers
o “Lady with the lamp”
● Lillian Wald
o Equal access to healthcare for everyone
o Fought for suffrage and racial integration
● Clara Barton
o No formal nursing education / she was a schoolteacher
o Started the red cross
o Expanded her care from war to natural disasters
o “Angel of the battlefields”
● Mary Mahoney
o First professionally educated African American
o Integration, equal schooling/care for everyone
o Focused on respect for individuals regardless of background, race,
color, religion
● Isabel Hampton Robb
o Helped to establish ANA – American Nurses Association in 1911
● Luther Christman
o Pioneer in male nursing
o Campaigned against military male nurse discrimination
o One of the founders of national male nurses association
o First man inducted into ANA’s hall of fame
Different stages of nursing/Professional Roles: definition & give examples.
● Autonomy : involves the initiation of independent nursing interventions
without medical orders. (as a nurse)
o Patient autonomy- allowing patients to be an active participant in their
care as much as possible.
● Accountability : you’re responsible professionally and legally for the type and
quality of nursing care provided
● Caregiver : you help patients maintain and regain health and find their
maximum level of independent function
● Advocate : As an advocate you protect your patients human and legal rights
and help patients assert those rights when needed.
● Educator : Using teaching methods that match your patients’ capabilities and
needs and incorporate other resources, such as the family, in teaching plans.
o Teaching can be formal or informal, making sure pt. is ready for
education – they’re attentive and ready to listen.
● Communicator : Effectiveness as a communicator is central to the
nurse-patient relationship. Routinely communicate with patients and
families, other nurses and health care professionals, resource people and the
community. Communicate with families!!!! Pt. and family much more
satisfied with care when you communicate with them
● Manager : establish an environment for collaborative patient-centered care to
provide safe, quality care with positive patient outcomes.
Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency: look at order and apply to situations/ex
● Novice : new nursing student/switching units. Coming in with no previous
experience
● Advanced beginner: some experience, much observational. Able to identify
meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
● Competent : 2-3 years’ experience – competent provider that can anticipate
nursing care and establish long-range goals.
● Proficient : 3+ years’ experience in the same clinical position – nurse
perceives patient clinical situation as a whole, able to assess the entire
situation and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to situations.
● Expert : Diverse experience in clinical position; able to zero in on problems or
multiple dimensions of a situation
Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)
● Overseen by state boards of nursing
● Regulate scope of nursing practice
● Protect public health, safety and welfare
● includes shielding the public from unqualified /unsafe nurses
Nursing Definition
● ANA’s definition of nursing: nursing is the protection, promotion, and
optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation
of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and
advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.
Ch6
Health Definition
● A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947)
Healthy People 2020 Goals
● Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury,
and premature death
● Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all
groups
● Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
● Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across
all life stages
Health Belief Model
● A patient’s perception of susceptibility to disease and the patients perception
of the seriousness of an illness help to determine the likelihood that the
patient will or will not partake in health behaviors.
● How the teacher explained it: start by looking at individual perceptions of
something and demographics. Then combine those to start looking at the
individual, are there any modifying factors? The arrows coming together give
you a perceived threat of disease based on demographics. At the bottom, look
at cues to action. Different instances that can lead a person to take action.
Next going into likelihood of action, what do you perceive as the benefits of
acting vs. the barriers (cost, time). All of this together gives you the likelihood
of taking action.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
● Starting at bottom, working way up the pyramid. As health care providers we
need to meet the basic needs first.
● However, when applying the model, the focus of care is on a patient’s needs
rather than on strict adherence to the hierarchy.
● To provide the most effective care, you need to understand the relationships
of different needs and the factors that determine the priorities for each
patient.
Internal/External Variables Influencing [Show Less]