compound Microscope
light microscope that has two converging lens systems: the objective and the eyepiece
electron microscope
a microscope that
... [Show More] is similar in purpose to a light microscope but achieves much greater resolving power by using a parallel beam of electrons to illuminate the object instead of a beam of light
data
facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations
variable
something in an experiment that can change
independent variable
the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
dependent variable
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
constant
variable that is not changed in an experiment
controlled experiment
an experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time
light microscope
microscope that uses a beam of light passing through one or more lenses to magnify an object
mechanical digestion
Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to break down food
chemical digestion
the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks
hydrolysis
A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
enzymes
molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions
anus
A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body
alimentary canal
Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract, the alimentary canal is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, somatch, small intesitne, and large intestine.
accessory organs
In the GI tract, organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal. These include the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas, adn the salivary glands.
surface area
The ability to transport oxygen, food, and waste across cell membrane depends on, the amount of exposed surface of a substance
salivary glands
three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; the parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual glands
amylase
enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
pharynx
muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
esophagus
muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
epiglottis
The flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
stomach
large muscular sac (organ) that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food
peristalsis
involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system
gastric juice
A digestive liquid added to food in the stomach to chemically break down protein.
protease
Enzyme that breaks down proteins
chyme
a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach into the small intestine
small intestine
digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place
pyloric sphincter
circular muscle that controls the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestines
liver
large organ just above the stomach that produces bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood [Show Less]