Question 1:
Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because:
A. Physiological functions depend on anatomical structures.
B. Our understanding
... [Show More] of physiology is changing more than our understanding of
anatomy.
C. Body parts take up space.
D. Physiological functions in an organism are ongoing.
Show correct answer and explanation
Explanation
This is because anatomy and physiology are closely related branches of biology
that study the structure and function of living organisms respectively.
Anatomy describes the shape, size, location, and relationships of body parts,
while physiology explains how those parts work together to maintain life.
For example, the anatomy of the heart determines how it pumps blood, and the
anatomy of the lungs determines how they exchange gases.
Choice B is wrong because our understanding of both anatomy and physiology
is constantly changing as new discoveries are made in the field of biology.
Choice C is wrong because body parts take up space regardless of their
physiological functions.
Choice D is wrong because physiological functions are not limited to an
organism, but can also occur at the cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels.
Question 2:
A hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is:
A. Mineralocorticoid.
B. Epinephrine.
C. Glucocorticoid.
D. Aldosterone.
Show correct answer and explanation
Explanation
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone that the adrenal medulla
secretes in response to stress or low blood sugar levels.
It helps the body react to stress by increasing blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen
delivery to muscles, and blood sugar levels.
Choice A is wrong because mineralocorticoids are hormones that the adrenal
cortex secretes, not the adrenal medulla.
They help regulate the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.
Choice C is wrong because glucocorticoids are also hormones that the adrenal
cortex secretes, not the adrenal medulla.
They help control the body’s use of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, suppress
inflammation, and regulate blood pressure and blood sugar.
Choice D is wrong because aldosterone is a specific type of mineralocorticoid
that the adrenal cortex secretes, not the adrenal medulla.
It helps regulate the balance of sodium and water in the body.
Question 3:
After an infection, many dead and fragmented bacterial cells must be filtered
from the body.
Which of the following cells will clear out the cell debris?
A. Lymphocytes.
B. Cytokines.
C. Mast cells.
D. Macrophages.
Show correct answer and explanation
Explanation
Macrophages are the main cells that clear out the cell debris by phagocytosis, a
process that involves recognition, engulfment, and degradation of the disposable
particles. [Show Less]