New Media & Communications Final
Exam Study Guide.
Questions And Answers 2023 Update
Are we super connected? - Answer-Yes and No. Yes because no other
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"have so many been connected to so many others" creating "wide-ranging social
implications". No because many places in the world still have issues with electricity let
alone have ability to connect digitally
Differences between the internet and www? - Answer-The internet is all digital
connections, but WWW only occurs when http or https is used. Internet is bigger
Why doesn't Chayko capitalize internet? - Answer-It has become so mainstream in
usage that it is "no longer necessary to consider it A Special Thing That Deserves
Capitalization"
Internet - Answer-The "global network of circuits, tubes, and packets of data that
connect countless billions of computerized devices and, thus, the people that use these
devices". Or, "a network of networks"
Digitality - Answer-the modern condition whereby computerized phenomena have been
applied to circumstances and life itself
Technology - Answer-is the process or technique of making something that allows
human beings to share their knowledge, perform a task, or fulfill a function
Size of the internet - Answer-Nearly 3 Billion people
Technological Determinism - Answer-the notion that technology "acts" on society and
promotes progress
3 things social networks allow people to share - Answer-Resources (e.g., funny video),
Opportunities (e.g., LinkedIn or job ads), & Information (e.g., where a party or event is
happening)
Social Constructivism - Answer-People form "shared assumptions about reality" by
making a model of what they think it is via language choice. When lots of people agree
with their meanings, they have "constructed" reality (i.e., it does not exist independent of
what they model it as)
Diffusion of innovation - Answer-When information is passed from one party to another
via technology, we call it "mediation"; the technology is a "mediator". It is how new
technology spreads outward through society
Early Adopters (13.5%) - Answer-Opinion leaders, higher social status, financial
comfort, more selective in using an innovation than innovators, often advanced
education
Early Majority (34%) - Answer-Average social & financial status, often learn of
innovation from "Early Adopters," are rarely opinion leaders themselves
Late Majority (34%) - Answer-Highly skeptical of innovation, lower social status, limited
financial means, must find comfort in others having adopted already
Laggards (16%) - Answer-Have an aversion to change, like "traditions," lowest social
status, low financial resources, often older in age, interaction with innovation usually b/c
of family or friends (not opinion leaders)
Innovators (2.5%) - Answer-Risktakers, highest social status, plenty of financial
resources
ISP - Answer-Internet Service Provision (or Providers). ISPs are the backbone of digital
culture. Example: comcast
Personal Computing - Answer-Phrase "personal computer" emerges in late 1960s.
Computers were huge. People computed themselves without technology
Servers - Answer-Almost any online act will require at least one 'server' computer (or
'host'—i.e., where the content is 'housed')
When writing emerged in history? - Answer-About 5,000 to 8,000 years ago, writing
emerges in China, Mesopotamia, or Egypt
Original meaning to the term "computer" - Answer-In 1600s, "computer" used to be a
person (one who computes)
Who designed the first programable mechanical computer? - Answer-Charles Babbage
(1837) designed first programmable mechanical computer
Who was the first computer programmer? - Answer-Ada Lovelace (1840s) was first
computer programmer
Who created the first electronic digital computer? - Answer-Alan Turing (1936) creates
first electronic digital computer
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