NCLEX Pharmacology Drugs
Term:
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Definition:
Antibiotic prescribed for a wide range of serious skin infections. Taking
... [Show More] this with antacids can impair the absorption of the medication.
Term:
Cromolyn sodium (Intal)
Definition:
Antiasthmatic, antiallergic, and mast cell stabilizer that decreases airway hyper-responsiveness in some clients with asthma. It has no bronchodilating action.
Term:
Sulfonylureas
Definition:
Oral hypoglycemic medications that promotes insulin secretion by the pancreas
Term:
Protamine sulfate
Definition:
Antidote for heparin
Term:
Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)
Definition:
Antiemetic agent used for relief for nausea and vomiting
Term:
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Definition:
Anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer that binds with a receptor site in the brain tissue reducing anticonvulsant activity and reducing neuropathic pain.
Abrupt withdrawal may cause increased seizure frequency. SE: hypersensitivity reactions, suicidal thoughts, confusion, ataxia, and hypertension
Term:
Digoxin, Lithium, Dilantin (phenytoin), Bronchodilators
Definition:
Can easily cause toxicity, must monitor therapeutic range of medication
Term:
atropine
Definition:
Anticholinergic, increases heart rate. Decreases GI and respiratory secretions. Reversal of muscarinic effects. May have a spasmolytic action on the biliary and genitourinary tracts.
Term:
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Definition:
Antiarrhythmic, anticholinergic used to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias that do not respond to first-line agents. Requires continuous cardiac monitoring
Term:
metoprolol (Lopressor)
Definition:
Beta-blocker that decreases heart rate and blood pressure. It decreases the rate of CV mortality in heart failure pts. SE: bradycardia, HF, pulmonary edema, weakness, hyperglycemia, bronchospasms
Term:
norepinephrine (Levophed)
Definition:
Vasopressor, produces vasoconstriction and myocardial stimulation, which may be required after adequate fluid replacement in the treatment of severe hypotension and shock. High alert med sometimes given during codes
Term:
amlodipine (Norvasc)
Definition:
Calcium Channel Blocker, causes systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased BP; causes coronary vasodilation resulting in decreased frequency and severity of attacks of angina.
Term:
adenosine
Definition:
Adenocard, restores normal sinus rhythm by interrupting re-entrant pathways in the AV node; slows conduction time through the AV node; produces coronary artery vasodilation
Term:
Vitamin K
Definition:
The antidote to warfarin (Coumadin)
Term:
phenytoin (Dilantin)
Definition:
Antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants: diminished seizure activity and termination of ventricular arrhythmias. SE: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, extrapyramidal syndrome and allergic reactions including Steven-Johnson syndrome This comes in a suspension and should be shaken.
Term:
Valproic acid (Depakote)
Definition:
Anticonvulsant, decreased manic episodes, decreased frequency of migraine headaches. Can cause hepatic toxicity!
Term:
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Definition:
Bronchodilation, maintenance of HR and BP, localization/prolongation of local/spinal anesthetic. SE: angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia, tremor
Term:
verapamil (Calan)
Definition:
Calcium channel blocker: systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased BP, coronary vasodilation resulting in decreased angina, reduction of ventricular rate during A fib or atrial flutter
Term:
theophylline (Theo-Dur)
Definition:
Bronchodilator; long-term control of asthma or COPD. S/S of toxicity: tachycardia, arrhythmias, seizures, N
+V, headache, increased urination, flushing, confusion, tremors. Toxicity typically shows signs of CNS stimulation.
Term:
lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Definition:
Anticonvulsant, maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Monitor pt for skin rash, which could be a sign of Steven-Johnson syndrome
Term:
estradiol (Climera)
Definition:
Estrogen hormone, can be used to restore balance in menopause or treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Pt should report S/S of fluid retention, thromboembolic disorders, mental depression or hepatic dysfunction.
Term:
amitriptyline (Elavil)
Definition:
Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic properties. Has dangerous drug-drug interactions. SE: arrhythmias, torsade de pointes, hypotension, constipation, dry mouth.
Term:
sucralfate (Carafate)
Definition:
Antiulcer agent; protection of ulcers with subsequent healing. It forms a protective barrier over ulcers.
Term:
captopril (Capoten)
Definition:
ACE inhibitor, lowers BP, decreased symptoms with HF, decreased progression of diabetic nephropathy
Term:
baclofen (Lioresal)
Definition:
Antispasticity agent, skeletal muscle relaxant. Can be used for spinal injury pts to inhibit reflexes at the spinal level. Bowel and bladder function may also be improved.
Term:
Augmentin
Definition:
Combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
Term:
lisinopril (Zestril)
Definition:
ACE inhibitor, antihypertensive. Adverse effects to watch for: dry cough, mouth sores, fever, swelling of hands, irregular heart beat, swelling of face and difficulty breathing.
Term:
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Definition:
Anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer. SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia and increased liver enzymes (may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives). May be teratogenic.
Term:
ferrous sulfate (Feosol)
Definition:
Antianemic, iron supplement. Take on an empty stomach or with a glass of water.
Term:
phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Definition:
Nonopioid analgesic for urinary tract infections. Can turn urine
reddish-orange color
Term:
rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition:
Antidiabetic medication for increased insulin resistance. Can cause stroke, HF, MI and edema. Monitor for S/S of heart failure.
Term:
ethambutol (Myambutol)
Definition:
Antituberculoars for TB. Can cause: optic neuritis and hepatitis
Term:
propranolol (Inderal)
Definition:
Beta-blocker: antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, vascular headache suppressant. Decreased BP and HR, suppresses arrhythmias and prevents MI.
Term:
hydrochloride (Tofranil)
Definition:
Tricyclic antidepressant, with overdose, there is a risk for arrhythmias, tachycardia and MI
Term:
hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
Definition:
Antianxiety agent, antihistamine, sedative/hypnotic with anticholinergic properties
Term:
isoniazid (INH)
Definition:
Antituberculars, can cause
drug-induced hepatitis, so need to monitor pt's liver function including AST, ALT and serum bilirubin
Term:
Albuterol (Proventil)
Definition:
Bronchodilator, adrenergic, can be used as a rescue medication for acute bronchospasms and status asthmaticus.
Term:
procainamide (Pronestyl)
Definition:
Antiarrhythmic, can cause seizures, asystole, heart block, hypotension, agranulocytosis
Term:
benztropine (Cogentin)
Definition:
Anti-Parkinson's agent, anticholinergic used to reduce rigidity and tremors
Term:
gentamicin (Garamycin)
Definition:
Aminoglycoside - bactericidal action; can cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hypersensitivity reactions
Term:
clopidogrel (Plavix)
Definition:
Platelet aggregation inhibitor; decreased occurrence of atherosclerotic event in pts at risk. SE: bleeding, neutropenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hypertension, fever, hypersensitivity reactions
Term:
digoxin (Lanoxin)
Definition:
Antiarrhythmic, causes increased cardiac output (positive inotropic effect) and slowing of the heart (negative chronotropic effect). S/S of toxicity: abdominal pain, anorexia, N+V, visual disturbances, bradycardia, and other arrhythmias.
Term:
acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Definition:
Mucolytic and antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It lowers the viscosity of mucus and lessens liver damage following an overdose of acetaminophen (Tylenol).
Term:
acetazolamide (Diamox)
Definition:
Anticonvulsant, antiglaucoma agent, diuretic, and ocular hypotensive agent. Can be used for salicylate (aspirin) overdose or poisoning.
Term:
prednisone (Sterapred)
Definition:
Anti inflammatory steroidal, causes suppression of inflammation and modification of the normal immune response. SE: hyperglycemia, hypernatremia (due to mineralocorticoid action), hypokalemia, HTN, peptic ulceration, thromboembolism, osteoporosis, and decreased wound healing
Term:
naproxen (esomeprazole)
Definition:
NSAID, antiulcer agent, proton pump inhibitor. Use NSAIDs cautiously with aspirin allergies. SE: drug-induced hepatitis, GI bleeding, anaphylactic reactions, constipation.
Term:
spironolactone (Aldactone)
Definition:
Potassium-sparing diuretic, don't use salt substitutes with this because they could contain K
Term:
Levodopa (L-dopa)
Definition:
Relief of tremor and rigidity in Parkinson's syndrome. Watch for involuntary movements, nausea, vomiting
Term:
losartan (Cozaar)
Definition:
Antihypertensive, decreases progression of diabetic nephropathy. Assess for angioedema (dyspnea, facial swelling)
Term:
naproxen sodium (naprosyn)
Definition:
Nonopioid analgesic, NSAID, antipyretic. SE: fluid retention, rash, dizziness, headache, GI distress
Term:
What can lower serum K?
Definition:
Kayexalate, calcium chloride, regular insulin and sodium bicarbonate
Term:
Potassium iodine (SSKI)
Definition:
Antithyroid agent that can control hyperthyroidism and decrease bleeding during thyroid surgery. It can decrease the incidence of thyroid cancer following radiation emergencies.
Term:
propylthiouracil (PTU)
Definition:
Antithyroid agent that decreases S/S of hyperthyroidism
Term:
misoprostol (Cytotec)
Definition:
Prostagladin, antiulcer agent, pregnancy category X
Term:
Phenobarbital
Definition:
Barbiturate - anticonvulsant, sedative/hypnotic. SE: laryngospasms, hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema and serum sickness, hangover, hypotension
Term:
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Definition:
Tx of osteoporosis, bone resorption inhibitor
Term:
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Definition:
Decreased Sx of prostatic hyperplasia
Term:
Losartan (Cozaar)
Definition:
angiotensin II receptor antagonists, antihypertensives, owering of BP. Slowed progression of diabetic nephropathy
Term:
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Definition:
anticonvulsants, mood stabilizers; Prevention of seizures. Relief of pain in trigeminal neuralgia. Decreased mania.
Term:
flavocoxid (Limbrel)
Definition:
nonopioid analgesics,
Term:
Benzatropine (Cogentin)
Definition:
Treats symptoms of Parkinson's disease or side effects of other drugs
Term:
dantrolene
Definition:
skeletal muscle relaxants; Management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Term:
paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil)
Definition:
Therapeutic: antianxiety agents, antidepressants
Pharmacologic: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Tx of OCD
Term:
lithium
Definition:
mood stabilizers,
Alters cation transport in nerve and muscle. May also influence reuptake of neurotransmitters. Therapeutic Effects: Prevents/decreases incidence of acute manic episodes.
Term:
ziprasidone (Geodon)
Definition:
antipsychotics, mood stabilizers; tx of Schizophrenia
Term:
sertraline (Zoloft)
Definition:
Therapeutic: antidepressants Pharmacologic: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Tx of OCD, Panic Disorders, PTSD, GAD
Term:
haloperidol (Haldol)
Definition:
antipsychotics,
Tx of schizophrenia, manic states, drug-induced psychoses
Term:
hetastarch (Hespan)
Definition:
volume expanders
Use: Adjunct for fluid replacement and volume expansion in the early management of shock or impending shock
Term:
digoxin (Lanoxin)
Definition:
antiarrhythmics, inotropics
Use: Heart failure. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (slows ventricular rate). Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.
Term:
nimodipine (Nimotop)
Definition:
antianginals, antiarrhythmics, antihypertensives
Therapeutic Effects: Systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased BP. Coronary vasodilation resulting in decreased frequency and severity of attacks of angina.
Term:
cefaclor (Ceclor)
Definition:
second-generation cephalosporins
Term:
azithromycin (Zithromax)
Definition:
agents for atypical mycobacterium, anti-infectives
Term:
promethazine (Phenergan)
Definition:
antiemetics, antihistamines, sedative/hypnotics
Use: Treatment of various allergic conditions and motion sickness.
SE - N.M.S.
Term:
Leflunomide (Arava)
Definition:
Anti rheumatic for RA
Term:
Azathioprine (Imuran)
Definition:
Immunosuppressant, prevention of renal transplant rejection
Term:
Ticlopidine
Definition:
Antiplatelet agent, prevention of stroke in patients unable to tolerate aspirin
Term:
Lamivudine (Epivir)
Definition:
Antiretrovirals, antivirals, HIV infection [Show Less]