NCLEX- Pediatrics Exam Questions & 100% Answered Correct With Rationale 2024 Solution
A 3-month-old infant is admitted. Upon admission, the nurse
... [Show More] assesses her developmental status as appropriate for age. Which of the following is the child least likely to be able to do?
1. Smile in response to mother's face
2. Reach for shiny objects but miss them
3. Hold head erect and steady
4. Sit with slight support - ANSWER - 4. Sitting with slight support would be expected in a child of 5 months. All of the other tasks are appropriate for this age.
A 3-month-old infant is doing well after the repair of a cleft lip. The nurse wants to provide the client with appropriate stimulation. What is the best toy for the nurse to provide?
1. Colorful rattle
2. String of large beads
3. Mobile with a music box
4. Teddy bear with button eyes - ANSWER - 3. Anything that can be put in the mouth is inappropriate for a child with cleft lip repair. A rattle and beads can go in the mouth. Button eyes are a hazard for any infant because the infant may swallow them. A mobile with a music box is appropriate for a 3-month-old who lays in a crib, and this item cannot be put in the mouth. Note that a colorful rattle is also age appropriate but not condition appropriate.
Which toys would be best for a 5-month-old infant who has infantile eczema?
1. Soft, washable toys
2. Stuffed toys
3. Puzzles and games
4. Toy cars - ANSWER - 1. Soft, washable toys of smooth, nonallergenic material should be used. Stuffed toys are contraindicated. Puzzles and games are not age appropriate. Toy cars could be used for scratching and should be avoided. Toy cars are also not age appropriate.
Which diversion would be appropriate for the nurse to plan to use with an 8-month-old infant?
1. A colorful mobile
2. Large blocks to stack
3. A colorful rattle
4. A game of peek-a-boo - ANSWER - 4. Peek-a-boo is appropriate for an 8-month-old. Peek-a-boo helps the infant with the concept of object permanence; things that are out of sight do exist. An 8-month-old can sit up; once an infant can sit up, the mobiles should be removed because they can strangle an infant who might try to stand up. An 8-month-old infant cannot stack large blocks yet. A colorful rattle is more appropriate for a younger infant.
Which activity would best occupy a 12-month- old child while the nurse is interviewing the parents?
1. String of large snap beads and a large plastic bowl
2. Riding toy
3. Several small puzzles
4. Paste, paper, and scissors - ANSWER - 1. Stringing large beads is appropriate for 12 months. Note that the beads are large and therefore not subject to being swallowed. A riding toy and small puzzles would be more appropriate for a toddler. Paste, paper, and scissors are appropriate for a preschooler when used with supervision.
An 18-month-old child is admitted for a repeat cardiac catheterization. The parents are continuously present and do everything for the child—dress him, feed him, and even play for him. The nurse wants to prepare the child and the parents for the procedure. Which of the following should be included in the care plan?
1. Give the child simple explanations.
2. Talk with the parents to assess their knowledge and how they can help with the child's care.
3. No specific action will be necessary because the child and family have been through a cardiac catheterization previously.
4. Ask the parents to stay away as much as possible because they upset the child. - ANSWER - 2. An 18-month-old child cannot understand explanations. The nurse needs to assess the clients' knowledge and base teaching on that assessment. The nurse should not assume that no teaching is needed just because the child has had the procedure before. There are no data to indicate that the parents upset the child. They do appear to be smothering the child, but at this time, the child would probably be more miserable without the parents. The nurse may want to teach parents about growth and development needs of the toddler.
In planning care for an 18-month-old child, the nurse would expect him to be able to do which of the following?
1. Button his shirt and tie his shoes
2. Feed himself and drink from a cup
3. Cut with scissors
4. Walk up and down stairs - ANSWER - 2. An 18-month-old should be able to feed himself and drink from a cup. He may be messy. A 5- or 6-year-old can usually button a shirt and tie shoes. Cutting with scissors is appropriate for a preschool child. A 2-year-old child can go up and down stairs with both feet on the same step, and a 3-year-old child can go up and down stairs by alternating feet.
The mother of a 2-year-old child asks the nurse how to cope with the child's frequent temper tantrums when he does not get what he wants immediately. What information should the nurse include when responding?
1. As long as the child is safe, ignore him during the tantrum.
2. If the child's demands are reasonable, give him part of what he wants.
3. Spank the child if the tantrum continues for more than five minutes.
4. Explain to the child why he cannot have what he wants and promise him a reward when he stops crying. - ANSWER - 1. Temper tantrums are common and normal in a 2-year-old because he is developing autonomy. As long as the child is safe, he should be ignored. Giving in to the child's demands is likely to reinforce the negative behavior and create a long- term pattern of behavior. The nurse should not recommend to the parents that they spank a child. Promising a reward to stop crying is bribing the child and should not be recommended. A 2-year- old who is having a temper tantrum is not likely to listen to explanations. [Show Less]