Erik Erikson ✔✔Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory
shows how people evolve through the life span. Each
... [Show More] stage is marked by a psychological crisis
that involves confronting "Who am I?" Came up with Identity Crisis
Carl Jung ✔✔Field: neo-Freudian, analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and
unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just
sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation - AniMA/AniMUS, Shadow=Id, Persona=Mask,
Move client toward Selfhood (Similar to Self-Actualization). (Memory Hint: JA)
Sigmund Freud ✔✔Field: psychoanalytic, personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality
and pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud),
psychoanalysis, transference
Freud's Psychosexual Stages ✔✔Oral stage (0-2;Breast) , Anal stage(2-4; Toilet), Phallic
stage(4-6;Oedipus), Latency stage (6-12;Defense Mechanisms), Genital stage (12+;Sexual
Maturity) (Memory Hint: O APL G!)Oedipus Complex ✔✔Feelings of rivalry with the parent of the same sex and sexual desire for
the parent of the other sex, occurring during the phallic stage and ultimately resolved through
identification with the parent of the same sex.
Ego Ideal ✔✔Part of the superego that consists of what one would like to be; The superego
compares the ego's actions and will reward or punish the ego accordingly; An overly rewarding
or punishing superego can be detrimental
Abraham Maslow ✔✔Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level
(safety and psych) dominate an individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied, selfactualization, transcendence
John Bowlby ✔✔British psychologist- said that in order to lead a normal social life the child
must bond to an adult before age 3. Saw bonding and attachment as having survival value
(adaptive significance). If bond is severed at an early age, it is called object loss, which is a
breeding ground for abnormal behavior. Said mothers should be primary caretakers and fathers
role is to support mother emotionally rather than nurturing the child himself. Believes in Birth [Show Less]