NCC EFM Cert. Exam Questions and Answers (Already GRADED A+)
Ductus venosus connects ______ to ______?
Umb. vein to IVC
Foramen ovale
... [Show More] connects _______to______?
R. atrium to L. atrium
Ductus arteriosus connects _______ to _______?
Pulm. artery to aorta
Normal rate
110 to 160 BPM
Average baseline rate at 15wks gestation
160 BPM
Average rate in fetus with heart block
60 BPM (intrinsic ventricular or nodal rate)
Sympathetic effects
Incr. HR, constricted peripheral and visceral blood vessels, vital organs dilate and receive more blood
Gest. age at which autonomic nervous system is fully developed
~ 32wks
Primary indicator of fetal oxygenation
Presence or absence of variability
Location of chemoreceptors
aortic arch
Chemoreceptors respond to?
Changes in O2 and CO2
Location of baroreceptors
Aortic arch and carotid bodies
Maximal reactivity occurs when?
Late at night
Max duration of fetal nonreactivity?
80min
Sensitivity
Probablity of detecting a true positive
Specificity
Probability that true negative will be detected
False positive
erroneosly positive when reality is negative
False negative
erroneously negative when reality is positive
NST
Two 15x15 accels in 20min (up to 40min)
% of false positive CSTs?
~ 30%
BPP components
Fetal breathing movements
Gross body movements
Fetal tone
Reactive fetal heart rate
Qualitiative amniotic fluid volume
BPP Score of 10
Normal
BPP Score of 8
Nl infant, low risk of chronic asphyxia
BPP Score of 6
Borderline result - rpt in 24hrs
BPP Score of 4
Suspect chronic asphyxia
BPP Score of 0-2
Strongly suspect chronic asphyxia
Early manifestation of fetal acidosis?
Non-reacive NST and loss of FBM
Change in FBM with maternal glucose changes?
FBM incr. with rising mGlu
FBM decr. with mHYPOglycemia
Maternal smoking effects FBM how?
FBM decr. with msmoking
Corticosteroids effects FBM?
corticosteroids may decr. FBM
Maternal PAO2 at sea level?
~105mmHg
Change in cardiac output and SVR in pre-E?
CO and SVR INCREASED in pre-E
Prolonged decels occured in ___% of uterine rupture?
71%
Signif. neonatal morbidity occured when ____min or longer elapsed between onset of HFR decel and delivery.
18min
Normal arterial pH for healthy vaginal deliveries?
7.28+/- 0.05
Normal arterial pO2 for healthy vaginal deliveries?
18.0 +/- 6.2
Normal arterial pCO2 for healthy vaginal deliveries?
49.2 +/- 8.4
Normal base deficit for healthy vaginal deliveries?
Less than 12
pH at which acidosis
7.2 (7.1)
Tachysystole
>5 contractions in 10min
Baseline (defn)
mean FHR rounded to increments of 5 BPM during a 10min perioud excl. periodic or episodic changes, contractions, periods of marked variability, and segments of baseline that differ by >25 BPM
Sinusoidal pattern?
Fetal anemia
As many as ___% of infants with complete heart block have assoc. congenital cardiac malformations.
50%
Mortality rate for newborns with complete heart block
25%
Newborn with complete heart block in absence of congen. heart disease frequently has neonatal ___________.
Lupus erthematosus
Baseline variability (defn)
Fluctuations in baseline FHR >2 cycles per minute (peak to trough); irregular in amplitude and frequency
Minimal baseline variability
undetectable but 25 bpm
T/F Performing fetal stimulation is appropriate during decels or bradycardia.
FALSE - Fetal stim should be performed when FHR is at the baseline.
Early Decel (defn)
visually apparrent GRADUAL decrease (onset to nadir >=30sec of FHR below baseline), nadir occurs at peak of contraction
Early decel (physiology)
Fetal head copmression (vagal reflex), often sen between 4-6cm dilation [Show Less]