Longitudinal
A study in which df/dmf are conducted yearly on the same group of children is an example of which type of study?
Children and young
... [Show More] adults in fluoridated and nonfluoridated communities
Sealant programs are recommended for _________.
A fluoride mouth rinse program
In a nonfluoridated community, which preventative dental health program would have the maximum cost benefit for the control of caries in elementary school children?
Simple indices and calibrated examiners are used
The ideal epidemiologic study of periodontal disease or dental caries is one in which __________.
It measures cumulative experience and is not necessarily indicative of current caries activity
What is a disadvantage of the DMFT index?
Both statements are true
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) are similar to preferred provider organizations (PPOs) in that they both are nontraditional methods for delivering and financing dental care. PPOs however, are more of a financing arrangement than a structure. T or F
During design of the project
A dental hygienist needs assistance in selecting statistical procedures for evaluating a community dental health project. When should this assistance be sought?
Epidemic
A disease that increases in prevalence beyond the expected level is ____________.
Subjects are randomly chosen from a previously subdivided population
What is a characteristic of stratified sampling?
Initially increase the demand for dental services
It can safely be assumed that the growth in dental prepayment plans in the US will ___________.
Prevalence
The formula below is descriptive of what epidemiological rate?
# of existing cases of a disease/ total population
Both statements are false
Susceptibility to periodontitis increases with age, but not as part of the aging process. Dentate or partially dentate elderly persons are at an extreme risk for total tooth loss. T or F
First statement is true; second statement is false
Gingivitis precedes periodontitis. Areas of the mouth affected by gingivitis will most likely become affected in alter years by periodontitis.
Identify community needs
The first step in establishing a community health program is to _____________.
Pilot study
Conducting a trial run of the planned study on a small sample is the purpose of a/an ____________.
Stratified random sample
Subjects randomly chosen from a previously subdivided population are an example of a __________________.
def
What caries index applies to primary dentition?
First statement is prevalence of HIV; second statement is incidence of HIV
There are 10 million HIV positive patients worldwide. A new case occurs every 15-20 seconds.
Health department
At the local level, which of the following should be contacted for resources and facilities for a dental health screening program?
Most of the scores are between 7-9
A dental hygienist gives a quiz to determine effectiveness of instruction. The mean score is 8 and the standard deviation is 1. What interpretation can be made?
Incidence of dental caries
A survey was conducted to determine how many new carious lesions develop during the school year in the permanent teeth of 6th grade children. Results of the survey provide a measure of what?
Both statements are true
Fluoridation has several mechanisms for caries inhibition. Included are enhancement of remineralization of enamel, inhibition of glycolysis, incorporation of fluoride into the enamel hydroxyapatite crystal, and bacteriocidal action. T or F
3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30
The "Ramfjord teeth" commonly used to simplify dental indexes include which teeth?
DMFT
If the major purpose of an epidemiologist's research is to determine caries susceptibility as opposed to immediate treatment needs, the best caries index to use is the ______.
Both statements are TRUE
Fluorides are stored in skeletal tissues. Even when concentrations reach 8 ppm, no impairment in general health can be detected. T or F
It demonstrates to the public that caries and tooth loss are not inevitable
Why does water fluoridation rank as a very successful primary oral health measure?
Violation of individual rights
Risk factor for bone cancer
Risk factor for down syndrome
Controversy surrounding water fluoridation of the drinking water has once again resurfaced. Opponents feel that fluoridation of water is a __________.
Causes or potentially causes widespread morbidity and/or mortality
Involves a perception on the part of the public, public health authorities, and the government that a public health problem is occurring
Currently a public health problem is defined as a health issue that ________.
Expected level of disease found within a particular locality
Endemic refers to what?
Retrospective
Dietary histories of all patients entering the hospital with insulin dependent diabetes, is an example of what type of study?
Both statements are FALSE
Nutritional status does directly influence prevalence of caries. Dietary factors do not. T or F
Involvement of more than one structure, greater accumulation later in life, problems with quantitative assessment, and inability to correctly assess impairment in tooth function
The epidemiology of periodontal disease is much more difficult to study than dental caries because of ______________________________.
Caries rates are expected to be low
Prevalence is used to measure dental caries when: ___________.
Ask, advice, assist, and arrange for all patients to stop using tobacco
Do not personally use any form of tobacco
Conduct diligent oral exams on both patients who report and do not report tobacco use
As a dental hygienist, your role in the community concerning tobacco use should be to: _____________.
1-3 mg
Adults ingest apprx. how many milligrams of fluoride daily?
First statement is true; second statement is false
The human body possesses a prompt and efficient excretory mechanism for fluorides; however, this does not minimize the danger of long-term accumulation of fluorides, which can be toxic. T or F [Show Less]