Seven-year-old Selina, a student with a cognitive impairment, attends a first-grade class. She lives with her parents and two older sisters. Every
... [Show More] morning, as Selina's family prepares to go to work or school, one of Selina's sisters dresses her, combs her hair, and brushes her teeth. Which of the following characteristics or attitudes would Selina be most likely to develop as a result of this daily routine?
social anxiety
a sense of entitlement
learned helplessness
a lack of empathy - correct answer learned helplessness
A six-month-old child in an infant and toddler program has been recently diagnosed with a significant hearing loss. According to scientifically based research, which of the following strategies would be the most effective for promoting this child's language development?
always speaking loudly and slowly when talking to the child
using exaggerated lip movements to foster the child's speechreading
immediately starting to use sign language with the child
making pictures for the child to point to to indicate his or her needs - correct answer immediately starting to use sign language with the child
Five-year-old John has been enrolled in a kindergarten class partway through the school year. On his first day at school, John chooses to play in the block center. John first spends a few minutes watching what two of his new classmates are building, then sits down near them and starts making a road. After a few more minutes, John says to the children, "Hey, we could connect my road to your road. Look." One of the other children says, "Yeah, then we could make a really, really long road around the city!" Soon all three children are working busily on the road. John's behavior in this situation best demonstrates how:
proficiency in social skills can facilitate communication and collaborative thinking.
the ability to self-regulate can facilitate interpersonal problem solving and conflict resolution.
a positive disposition toward learning can facilitate growth across multiple developmental domains.
perseverance in completing tasks can facilitate children's development of a sense of self-esteem. - correct answer proficiency in social skills can facilitate communication and collaborative thinking.
Which of the following children is demonstrating behavior that is atypical of a three-year-old child?
Katya draws figures that resemble circles.
Tranh covers a page with scribbles and announces that it's a grocery list.
Gwen has difficulty holding and cutting with scissors.
Jonah draws detailed pictures of his mother with specific facial features. - correct answer Jonah draws detailed pictures of his mother with specific facial features.
Ava is a four-year-old child who has Down syndrome. In which of the following areas would Ava be likely to have the most significant developmental delay?
social learning
spatial processing
visual memory
speech production - correct answer speech production
Ms. Cohen, a preschool teacher, is preparing for the upcoming school year. This year's class will include Warren, a child who has Down syndrome. As she plans for the first weeks of school, Ms. Cohen should be aware that Warren is especially likely to benefit from learning activities that:
involve whole-class instruction.
emphasize auditory processing.
begin with a conceptual overview.
incorporate visual cues. - correct answer incorporate visual cues.
Five-year-old Silvio, a student with spina bifida, will be attending a general education preschool class in the upcoming year. Silvio uses a power wheelchair, which he propels independently. Which of the following issues would be especially important for Silvio's preschool teacher to be aware of in order to promote Silvio's health and physical well-being in the classroom?
checking Silvio's wheelchair thoroughly for proper function on Monday of each week
ensuring that Silvio's pressure relief regimen is followed everyday without fail
isolating Silvio whenever one or more of his classmates shows any signs of illness
confirming each day that Silvio has been administered his required daily medications - correct answer ensuring that Silvio's pressure relief regimen is followed everyday without fail
A prekindergarten teacher who works in an inclusive setting wishes to create a learning environment that promotes children's independence in the classroom. Which of the following strategies would likely be most effective for the teacher to use to achieve this goal?
having children participate in putting away their toys and materials
providing opportunities for children to make choices about activities and tasks each school day
incorporating instructional themes that build on children's interests
encouraging children to work
alone on activities and tasks rather than with a classmate - correct answer providing opportunities for children to make choices about activities and tasks each school day
Six-year-old Noah is a student with autism spectrum disorder who attends Ms. Wu's first-grade class. Ms. Wu has created a visual schedule with Noah to help him learn the daily classroom routine; however, Noah has difficulty when anything out of the ordinary happens. For example, during a recent unannounced fire drill, he began shouting and pulling his hair. Ms. Wu is aware that the class will be attending an assembly later in the week during a time regularly scheduled for mathematics instruction. Which of the following strategies would likely be most effective for Ms. Wu to use to help Noah with this change in the schedule?
assigning Noah to sit with a peer who can model good behavior for him during the assembly
talking to Noah about the assembly well ahead of time and adding pictures to his visual
schedule to illustrate the change
arranging for a paraprofessional to stay with Noah in the classroom during the assembly and work with him on mathematics skills
contacting Noah's parents about the assembly and requesting that they keep him home from school that day - correct answer talking to Noah about the assembly well ahead of time and adding pictures to his visual
The outdoor play area at an early childhood center has a play structure that consists of three swings, two slides, a climbing wall, and a play deck. Several times this week, there have been arguments among a class of four-year-olds regarding who can use the swings. The teacher wishes to use this as an opportunity to help children develop conflict-resolution skills. Which of the following steps should the teacher take first to address this goal?
reminding children that they need to take turns using the swings and other parts of the play structure
posting a sign-up sheet for children to use to sign up for time on the swings during outdoor play
conducting a class meeting and helping children define what the problem is with the swings
providing other types of equipment such as balls and bubbles for children to use rather than the swings - correct answer conducting a class meeting and helping children define what the problem is with the swings
A comprehensive evaluation is being planned for Annika, an eight-month-old child who has consistently shown delays in meeting developmental milestones. For example, by seven months of age Annika had not yet rolled over. Now at eight months, Annika does not reach for objects and has poor head control when pulled from her back to a sitting position. During the evaluation, which of the following guidelines should most likely be followed?
Annika's parents/guardians should remain outside the testing room.
The evaluation should be conducted in 10-minute segments, with breaks in between.
Annika's parents/guardians shold be asked to provide props to use during the assessment.
The evaluation should be administered in Annika's natural environment. - correct answer The evaluation should be administered in Annika's natural environment.
Two-year-old Shawna is enrolled in an early childhood program. Her teacher, Ms. Torres, is planning to conduct a developmental assessment of Shawna in order to plan effective programming for her. Which of the following steps should Ms. Torres take first in conducting this assessment?
talking to Shawna about her interests to measure her general level of functioning
reviewing Shawna's medical records to evaluate her present physical health
providing Shawna with a standardized assessment to determine her learning style
meeting with Shawna's parents to discuss her current strengths and needs - correct answer meeting with Shawna's parents to discuss her current strengths and needs
A second-grade teacher plans to develop an assessment to measure a student's attainment of a lesson objective. The teacher's first step in this process should be to:
identify the most appropriate staff member to administer the assessment.
determine whether the assessment should take place in the classroom or in a testing room.
review the learning standard to which the assessment should be linked.
investigate whether a standardized assessment exists that could be used for this purpose. - correct answer review the learning standard to which the assessment should be linked.
After conducting a series of systematic observations in the outdoor play area, a preschool teacher becomes concerned that many children do not engage in large muscle activities even though the daily schedule provides ample opportunities for outdoor play. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for the preschool teacher to use in addressing this concern?
having children run once around the play area at the beginning of outdoor play time
planning noncompetitive physical games and activities in response to the data obtained
assigning children to teams and awarding points based on each team's performance
removing any toys in the outdoor play area that encourage sedentary or solitary play - correct answer planning noncompetitive physical games and activities in response to the data obtained
A preschool teacher often uses observations to gain information about how individual children in his class are progressing. A significant benefit of using observations to assess preschool children is that observations:
intrude minimally into children's activities.
yield highly objective results.
require minimal time to conduct and analyze.
ensure valid comparisons between children. - correct answer intrude minimally into children's activities.
A prekindergarten teacher notices that Lisa, a child with a physical impairment, tends to be shy and often draws by herself in the art center during free-choice time. The teacher would like to promote Lisa's greater interaction with peers. Which of the following strategies would likely be most effective?
asking Lisa during circle time to talk about her favorite drawings and why she likes them
drawing with Lisa in the art center and inviting a peer to join them
encouraging Lisa to join her classmates in the dramatic play area
suggesting that Lisa take home art supplies so that she can choose other activities during free time - correct answer drawing with Lisa in the art center and inviting a peer to join them
Two early childhood teachers will be caring for several infants at a child-care center. The teachers would like to foster the infants' attachment and sense of security. Which of the following practices should the teachers use to address this goal?
providing opportunities for the infants to interact with one another throughout the day
playing soothing music in the background whenever infants are awake
assigning each infant to one of the teachers who will serve as his or her primary caregiver
providing each infant with regularly scheduled floor time - correct answer assigning each infant to one of the teachers who will serve as his or her primary caregiver
Cathy, an eight-year-old student with an emotional impairment, attends Ms. Guarini's general education second-grade class. Transitions between activities are difficult for Cathy. She often reacts to them angrily, yelling or crying and refusing to stop what she is doing. Cathy's special education teacher has been helping her develop effective transitioning skills, and Ms. Guarini has been reinforcing these skills in the classroom. Which of the following additional strategies would likely be most effective for Ms. Guarini to use to help Cathy with this issue?
imposing a negative consequence whenever Cathy resists making a transition
permitting Cathy to choose between two new activities when she transitions cooperatively
establishing a cue to alert Cathy five minutes before a transition is due to occur
reminding Cathy when she arrives at school that she should prepare herself for transitions - correct answer establishing a cue to alert Cathy five minutes before a transition is due to occur
A preschool teacher has planned a new art activity in which the children will create pictures by dipping shaped sponges into paint and then pressing them onto construction paper. The teacher wants to ensure that four-year-old Cheung, a child with a cognitive impairment, will be able to participate in this activity. Which of the following strategies would likely be most effective for this purpose?
assigning the children to work on the project in groups, with each child playing a specific role
creating a chart of step-by-step directions and posting it where Cheung can refer to it
having all students create their pictures one step at a time, as the teacher calls out the steps
arranging for Cheung to work with a peer helper who can provide guidance or assistance as necessary - correct answer arranging for Cheung to work with a peer helper who can provide guidance or assistance as necessary
Four-year-old Lena, a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), attends Ms. Johnson's general education prekindergarten class. Lena faces a number of challenges, including problems with boundaries, difficulty interpreting social cues, and poor problem-solving skills. She is also distractible and often irritable. Lena's classmates frequently complain about her to Ms. Johnson and avoid her as much as possible. Ms. Johnson wants to create an environment that will help Lena and her classmates develop more positive attitudes and interactions towards each other. Which of the following is a key strategy that Ms. Johnson should make sure to include as one element in her effort to achieve this objective?
imposing consequences immediately in response to misbehavior by any child in the class
providing a quiet area for Lena to retreat to and reducing environmental stimulation
arranging for the assignment of a paraprofessional to mediate Lena's social interactions
eliminating special events such as field trips or guest presentations from the class schedule - correct answer providing a quiet area for Lena to retreat to and reducing environmental stimulation
Five-year-old Jonathan, a preschooler with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), has trouble engaging in pretend play. Which of the following strategies would likely be most effective in helping him participate successfully in pretend-play activities with his classmates?
leading him to the dramatic play area and sitting with him to offer guidance in how to respond as play scenarios are developed by other children
prompting him to invent a play scenario for the teacher to draw in a booklet, then encouraging him to initiate the scenario in the dramatic play area [Show Less]