MSN FNP 570 Midterm 2 Questions and Answers 2022- United States University
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
1. During ischemia, what effect does the loss of ATP
... [Show More] level have on cells?
Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
2. Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which disease?
Cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
3. The kind of genetic mutation that results in the change of an amino acid sequence in the protein
sequence is described as a
Missense mutation
4. An example of physiologic atrophy is
Thymus gland changes during childhood
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising
Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands
6. Which component form the structure of DNA
Nucleotides
7. A patient is diagnosed with type one diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely
to be involved?
Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
8. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
9. A client has a growth removed from the body. Which histologic finding indicates that the growth
is classified as benign?
Differentiation
10. Which chromosomal abnormalities have been linked with down syndrome?
Translocation
11. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin one contribute to shark states because they induce
production of what?
Nitric oxide
12. During fertilization each parent contribute the DNA being passed ontTo the offspring. Which
genetic expression in the offspring is validation of genetic contribution by a parent?
The sex of the offspring
13. The RB one gene is which kind of gene?
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
Tumor suppressor gene
14. Mutation and only one allele of the genes listed below which normally promotes cell growth is
associated which changes associated with cancer
DNA repair genes
15. Screening test that measures the presence of blood in the stool indicate FOBT and CEA
False
16. Sex linked disorders frequently are associated with the X chromosome and are predominantly
recessive
True
17. A tetratogenic agent is an environmental agent that produces abnormalities only during the first
four weeks of embryonic or fetal development
True
18. Messenger RNA carries the instructions for protein synthesis
True
19. Which of the following respiratory structures would be found in the respiratory zone?
Alveoli
20. Which of the following scenarios best describes a condition where the amount of dead space is
increased?
A man with a blood clot that embolizes to the lungs
21. A COPD patient presents to the ER. The chief complaint is labored breathing. Which of the
following applies:
A person with COPD is primarily relying on high CO2 to increase their rate and depth of ventilation and
giving them more O2 we take this drive away
22. And pulmonary function testing, a patient fills their lungs oh I see as much as possible then
blows out as much as they can. The amount of air they would expire (from maximal inspiration
to maximal expiration) is cell the?
Vital capacity
23. Which of the following statements about asthma is not correct
Asthma is primarily a restrictive respiratory disorder
24. A patient has an increased PaCO2 value at 66 mmHg and an increased bicarbonate value at 34
mEq/L. Based on these values the patient was most likely in:
Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
25. If conjunction through the heart were initiated at a site other than the SA node, the resulting
heartbeat would be best described as
Ectopic
26. Mild ischemia of the heart resulting in chest pain would be best described as
Angina pectoris
27. When role of ATP in cardiac muscle contraction is
Altering myosin affinity for actin binding sites
28. At very high heart rate, cardiac output
Decreases
29. Identify the pathogenic process that is most likely associated with atherosclerosis
fibrosis of the blood vessel
30. The neurotransmitter receptor that is found at parasympathetic post ganglionic synapsis that can
be blocked by atrophying is the
Muscarinic receptor
31. The neurological disease associated with autoimmune destruction of the myelin basic protein is
Multiple sclerosis
32. The region of the brain that contains the hypothalamus is the
diencephalon
33. Siena cells that maintain the integrity of the blood brain barrier are called
Astrocytes
34. Which is not true about the arachnoid layer of the meninges
It is thick and tough for support and protection
35. If physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase an intracranial pressure is
Cerebral vasodilation
36. Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning
Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
37. The dimension of Alzheimer's disease is associated with structural changes in the brain,
including
Deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
38. Dopamine precursors an anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson's disease,
because they
Increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia
39. Extrinsic or a topic asthma is typically initiated by type one hypersensitivity reaction induced by
exposure to an antigen or allergen
True
40. Which of the following disorders best describes a condition characterized by acute lung
inflammation and diffuse injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
41. Most mutations associated with cancer
Are random and nature
42. It major consideration with differential diagnosis is
Sequential order is always essential
43. Which of the following is not a domain of differential diagnosis
Calling a physician for validation
44. What is a consequence of the plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
45. The subjective sensation of not being able to get sufficient air is best described by which of the
following terms
Dyspnea
46. Maintenance of a constant internal environment and implementation of behavioral patterns are
two main functions of which of the following
Hypothalamus
47. The deoxygenated blood leaves the right heart through the pulmonary veins
False
48. All mechanisms of cell injury (hypoxia, mechanical forces, extremes of temperature, electrical
injuries, etc.) Lead to irreversible cellular damage with cell destruction or death
False
49. Atrophy is the increase in the size of a tissue organ resulting from an increase in the size of the
individual cell or in the number of cells
False
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
50. Apoptosis is the term utilized for programmed cell death or cell suicide
True
51. A man diagnosed with hypertension has thickening of his left ventricle wall. This adaptive change
of his left ventricle is best described as
Hypertrophy
52. During the reproductive cell cycle in a female, hormonal stimulation increases the thickness of
the endometrial lining of the uterus by increasing the number of epithelial cells. This is an
example of the following type of adaptation
Hyperplasia
53. During a myocardial infarction, cardiac monocytes are deprived of oxygen and acidosis results in
protein denaturation and cellular outline is preserved. This type of necrosis is best described as
Coagulative
54. During a focal bacterial infection, destruction of bacteria and immune cell results in the
formation of pus. This type of necrosis is best described as
Liquefactive necrosis
55. During cell injury, which of the following is incorrect
Injury is irreversible
56. Cells can die by any crosses or apoptosis. Which of the following characteristics is associated
with apoptosis but not necrosis
Fragmented DNA
57. Chest pain is caused by the buildup of the following substance that is formed under anaerobic
respiration
Lactic acid
58. Infection with clostridium perfringens in the release of exotoxins is most likely associated with
what type of gangrene
Gas gangrene hi did you do it
59. DNA synthesis takes place during that G0 phase of the cell cycle
False
60. Cancer cells are associated with the number of mutations. One gene that is often mutated in
cancer cells is the pBR gene. This gene is responsible for
Causing the cell to pause so that DNA repair can take place
61. Brown – Sequard Syndrome involves all of the following except
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
Loss of smell and taste
62. Mutations in which type of genes is most generally associated with hereditary non-polyposis
colon cancer
DNA repair genes
63. Polyploidy refers to
A complete set of extra chromosomes
64. The phase of CML associated with fewer than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow being
from the blast form is referred to as
Chronic phase
65. The Punit square can be utilized to describe possible combinations that can occur with
transmission of single gene dominant and recessive
True
66. Which of the following terms relates to the concept that a DNA is copied, one original and one
newly found copy of the DNA is inherited together in each of the progeny cells
Semi conversive replication
67. Two parents that are both carriers of cystic fibrosis have four children. How many would likely be
carriers of cystic fibrosis?
Two
68. Which of the following statements are correct about hemophilia a
Hemophilia a is an X-linked recessive disorder
69. Which of the following genetic disorders result in aneuploidy
Downs syndrome
70. Most genetic disorders of of medical importance involve a combination of changes in a number
of genes that are either inherited or acquired by environmental influences. Such genetic
disorders are best described as
Multifactorial disorders
71. Cystic fibrosis is which kind of genetic disorder
Autosomal recessive
72. If two parents were each heterozygous for CF and they had a child, what is the chance the child
would have CF disease
25%
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
73. The Nero transmitter receptor that is found in the parasympathetic postganglionic synopses that
can be blocked by atrophying is the
Muscarinic receptor
74. The neurological disease associated with autoimmune destruction of the myelin basic protein is
Multiple sclerosis
75. Which of the following disease courses for multiple sclerosis is associated with episodes of acute
worsening with recovery and a stable course between relapses
Relapsing remitting
76. Which of the following statements is correct about Alzheimer's disease
AD is progressive and eventually leads to death
77. The effects of airway resistance on airflow can be illustrated by using Poiseuille Law, which states
that resistance to flow is inversely related to the fourth power of the radius
False
78. Influenza is a viral infection that can affect the upper and lower respiratory tract and is
transmitted by aerosol or direct contact
True
79. Which of the following would most likely be associated with an increase in lung compliance
Emphysema
80. Which of the following conditions best describes primary atelectasis
A baby is born prematurely and lacks surfactant
81. Which of the following variables is primarily altered in a person that suffers from pulmonary
fibrosis
Increase the thickness of the respiratory membrane
82. Fick's law refers to the principles of
Diffusion
83. Decreased lung compliance along with title volume and vital capacity or significant indicators of
lung disease and lung fibrosis
True
84. Which of the following is not an obstructive respiratory disorder
The common viral cold
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
85. Benign neoplasm's are less differentiated tumors that grow in a crab like manner to invade
surrounding tissues, have cells that break loose and travel to distant sites to form metastases,
and inevitably cause suffering and death unless their growth can be controlled through
treatment
False
86. Which of the following most likely predisposes a person to develop aortic stenosis earlier in life
Bicuspid aortic valve
87. Adult respiratory distress syndrome is an example of
Acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury
88. A patient has scar tissue between the pericardial layers around her heart. The patient's condition
would best be described as
Restrictive pericarditis
89. A patient suffered from a viral infection of his heart when he was a teenager. As a consequence,
his heart chambers are larger than normal. The patient's condition would best be described as
Dilated cardiomyopathy
90. Narrowing of the left atrioventricular valve would best be described as
Mitral valve stenosis
91. If conduction through the heart were initiated at a site other than the SA node, the resulting
heartbeat would be best described as
Ectopic
92. Mild ischemia of the heart resulting in chest pain would be best described as
Angina pectoris
93. Venous pathology associated with impaired blood flow including tissue congestion, edema, and
impairment of tissue nutrition would best be described as
Chronic venous insufficiency
94. Which of the following statements are correct regarding hypertension?
Hypertensive crisis involves a sudden elevation of blood pressure that can be life-threatening
95. Which histological description is associated with temporal arteritis
Granulomatous
96. You're not getting hot on me now which of the clinical findings is most often seen in cerebral
palsy
Lower motor neuron signs
MSN-FNP 570 Midterm
97. Which microscopic findings or histological descriptions is associated with multiple myeloma
pathology
Clock face chromatin
98. When assessing a patient with left heart failure, which of the following auscultation findings is
most likely associated with pulmonary congestion?
Wheezing or crackles
99. Which of the following is most likely associated with left sided heart failure
S3, S4 heart sounds
100. Lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) are transported as Lipoproteins. These are reported
in lab values as:
LDL [Show Less]