Where are T4 receptors located? - ✔✔ Eosinophils, neutrophils, T cells
In the stomach, histamine is released by what? - ✔✔
... [Show More] Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL)
What is a toxic effect of first-generation antihistamines? - ✔✔ Convulsions, postural hotn, cardiac arrhythmias
Anaphylaxis & antihistamines - ✔✔ Antihistamines alone are not a sufficient treatment for anaphylaxis - antihistamines and steroids are added as adjuvant treatments
CNS side effects that elderly patients should be aware of - ✔✔ Sedation
What is an indication of H2 antihistamine use? - ✔✔ Inhibit the secretion of gastric acid in patients with GI disorders
What second-generation antihistamine cannot be removed by hemodialysis? - ✔✔ Cetirizine HCl - Zyrtec
What is the initial selection of antimicrobial therapy? - ✔✔ Empiric
Food-drug or drug-drug interactions c antibacterial medications are usually addressed by -? - ✔✔ Separating the administration times or avoiding the combination
Why is combination therapy needed in the treatment of mycobacterial infections? - ✔✔ Because mycobacteria exhibit a high rate of intrinsic resistance mutations
What is the description of INF-B? - ✔✔ Antiviral properties but are used for MS - not infections
What is a side effect of first-generation antihistamines r/t their anticholinergic activity? - ✔✔ Dry mouth, dry eyes, urinary retention, constipation and cognitive disturbance
How is enterobiasis diagnosed? - ✔✔ Diagnosed by perianal swab using adhesive tape that is examined microscopically for eggs
TB tx - - ✔✔ - Isoniazid, Rifamin
According to the universal prescribing alerts for aminoglycosides, extended use increases risk for infection by which of the following pathogens? - ✔✔ C. difff
Systemic chemotherapy that is given prior to surgery or radiation serves to..? - ✔✔ Reduce the tumor burden and to increase the effectiveness of local treatment
How is tumor lysis syndrome managed in leukemia patients? - ✔✔ IV hydration + allopurinol
Acrolein is a toxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide that can cause what? - ✔✔ Hemorrhagic cystitis
What category of antineoplastic drugs offers an alternative when traditional treatments fail? - ✔✔ Immunosuppressant antineoplastic agents
Topoisomerase inhibitors target enzymes that control changes in DNA - - ✔✔ Structure by altering the phosphodiester structure of the strands during the normal life cycle of the cell
Which method is used to administer dactinomycin? - ✔✔ Should only be administered intravenously
What is an FDA-approved indication for methotrexate? - ✔✔ ALL, breast ca
Folate antimetabolites are eliminated primarily through the -? - ✔✔ Kidneys
What is the purpose of using autonomic drugs in topical form? - ✔✔ Vasoconstriction & shrink mucous membranes
Autonomic drugs have little effect when administered hor? - ✔✔ PO
What is the function of ACh? - ✔✔ Primary neurotransmitter of nerve signals c/in the PNS
What is the number of muscarinic receptors? - ✔✔ 5 receptors: (M1-M5)
What is a potential adverse side effect of autonomic-anticholinergic agents in older males? - ✔✔ Exacerbation of BPH d/t worsening urinary retention
Effectiveness of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants - - ✔✔ Most evidence does not support their effectiveness
What drug is FDA-approved for Alzheimer's disease? - ✔✔ Donepezil
What is the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on the SA/AV nodes? - ✔✔ Vagotonic effects on SA/AV nodes, leading to bradycardia and AV blocks
How do "mixed acting" sympathomimetic drugs work? - ✔✔ By directly activating the release of NE while also indirectly causing a release of NE; thus, they are classified as "mixed-acting" sympathomimetic drugs
What is an indication of GABA-derivative antispasmodic agents used effectively to control muscle spasm? - ✔✔ Muscle spasm c MS
What is the FDA-approved use for belladonna? - ✔✔ Pain c ureteral spasm (bladder spasm) [Show Less]