MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology-112
Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Nephrotic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria
... [Show More]
caused by glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated with
glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is noninflammatory.
Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal - CORRECT ANSWER Lesions that involve all or
most (> 50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions that involve some
(< 50%) of the glomeruli are termed focal (e.g., focal segmental glomerulonephritis).
Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental - CORRECT ANSWER When a whole
glomerulus (singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the lesion is
considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the glomerulus is affected.
Glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli,
and most forms occur as a result of activation of immune mechanisms.
Nephritic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Associated with glomerulonephritis and an
immune response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage of leukocytes, red
blood cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result of inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention -- periorbital edema
and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs in urine--
Immune Complex deposition activated Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which
mediate the damage
Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor - CORRECT ANSWER refers to an
increase in glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane). In the
extra capillary space, this forms specific lesions that are termed crescents, which are
made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells. These crescent cells accumulate in
the Bowman space and represent a rupture of the capsule.
sclerosing structural (histologic) descriptor - CORRECT ANSWER refers to glomerular
scar formation, and when the scarring is between the glomerulus and tubules, it is
referred to as interstitial fibrosis.
necrotizing structural (histologic) descriptor - CORRECT ANSWER refers to cellular
death.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER A common,
nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs as men age, usually
appearing by age 50 [Show Less]