I. Purpose The purpose of this module is to provide information and skills necessary to engage in community prevention activities. II. Learning Objectives
... [Show More] At the end of the training, the health c are professional will have had an opportunity to: • Define community-based prevention. • Discuss types and levels of prevention. • Compare frameworks for preventive interventions. • Identify risk and protective factors associated with substance use disorders. • Cite theories of behavioral change. • Discuss cultural influences on prevention. • Define the role of the health professional in prevention. • Discuss general and specific strategies for community-based prevention. • Identify evaluation aims for community-based programs. III. Chronology Approximately 1 Hour 30 Minutes Introduction and objectives 5 Minutes Definitions, types and levels of prevention 15 Minutes Frameworks for preventive interventions 15 Minutes Prevention principles 10 Minutes Risk and protective factors and resiliency 15 Minutes Role of health practitioner 5 Minutes Designing effective prevention programs, theories of change, cultural competence, general and specific strategies, evaluation 20 Minutes Summary and evaluation 5 Minutes IV. Facilitator Materials • Power Point Slides (lecture and discussion) V. Participant Materials • Handouts • References Module IX: Community-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Slide 1: Title Slide - Community-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Introduction This is the title slide. Slide 2: Learning Objectives Health Care Professionals will have the opportunity to: • Define community-based prevention. • Discuss types and levels of prevention. • Compare frameworks for preventive interventions. • Identify risk and protective factors associated with substance use disorders. • Cite theories of behavioral change. • Discuss cultural influences on prevention. Slide 3: Learning Objectives (continued) Health Care Professionals will be able to: • Define the role of the health care professional in prevention. • Discuss general and specific strategies for community-based prevention. • Identify evaluation aims for community-based prevention programs. Slide 4: Introduction There are compelling reasons why community-based prevention of substance use and abuse should be a major focus for all health professionals. The combined effects of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs take a greater toll on the health and well-being of Americans than any other single preventable health problem. While the Monitoring the Future (MTF) (2004) survey indicates an almost 7 percent decline from 2003 to 2004 of any illicit drug use in the post month by 8th, 10th, and 12th grades, other areas raise of drug use concern. There was a significant increase in OxyContin use by adolescents during this period and lifetime inhalant use for 8th graders also increased significantly. NIDA’s Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG) publishes emerging trends in drug abuse for 21 major U.S. metropolitan areas. The CEWG data for 2002 indicate that cocaine/crack was endemic in all of the areas, heroin indicators continued to be high, prescription opiates appear increasingly in drug indicator data, methamphetamine abuse continues to spread and marijuana is the most frequently used illicit drug in CEWG areas. (Community Epidemiology Work Group, 2003). Studies indicate that 119 million Americans (50.1% aged 12 or older were current alcohol users in 2003 and 70.8 million (29.8%) Americans 12 or older were current smokers during that time (Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, 2004). As indicated by these data substance use disorders occur across the lifespan, so preventive interventions must be targeted for individuals at risk in all age groups. Such interventions should take into consideration the unique developmental tasks of each age group and the risk and protective factors that influence the health behaviors of individuals and communities. According to Perry, “the question in prevention is not why but how” (Perry, 1996). Individuals of all ages are members of communities and there is increasing evidence that the most effective prevention strategies are community-based (Burgoyne, 1991). Moreover, the underlying premise of Healthy People 2010 is that the health of the individual is almost inseparable from the health of the larger community, the state, and the nation (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). The role of the health professional is to join with community stakeholders to increase the capacity of the community to provide science-based preventive interventions (Marcus, 2000, Chinman, et al 2005; Spoth & Greenberg, 2005). This module provides an overview of community-based prevention: definitions, levels of prevention, selected frameworks and strategies for designing community-based prevention, a summary of the literature related to risk and protective factors, and a brief outline of the role of the health professional in these endeavors. Slide 5: Definition of Prevention Prevention literally means to keep something from happening. There are, however, different interpretations about what that “something” is; first incidence, frequent use, heavy use, relapse, disability associated with a disorder, or the risk condition itself. According to Pentz (1999), the broadest interpretation related to substance abuse disorders is “blocking the progression of use to abuse, whether in adults or youth.” Defined in strictest terms prevention refers to preventing onset of any use. [Show Less]