9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 1/21
Module 4 Quiz
Due Sep 18 at
... [Show More] 11:59pm Points 99.63 Questions 41
Available Aug 10 at 12am - Sep 20 at 11:59pm about 1 month Time Limit 100 Minutes
Allowed Attempts 3
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KEPT Attempt 2 11 minutes 99.63 out of 99.63
LATEST Attempt 2 11 minutes 99.63 out of 99.63
Attempt 1 19 minutes 97.2 out of 99.63
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Question 1 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following molecules are opsonins?
Histamine and serotonin
Bacteria and parasites
Antibodies and complement proteins9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 2/21
Antibodies and complement proteins (C3bs) opsonize bacteria and
parasites by attaching to the cell membrane.
Endotoxin and exotoxin
Question 2 2.43 / 2.43 pts
A differential rise in which white blood cell is typically seen with viral
infections?
Lymphocytes
A rise in lymphocytes (B and T cells) is typically seen with viral
infections, since viruses are immunogenic.
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Question 3 2.43 / 2.43 pts
In addition to phagocytosis, which of the following functions are also
performed by macrophages?
Destroying circulating antibodies
Inhibiting inflammation
stimulating healing and blood vessel growth9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 3/21
Macrophages release chemicals that stimulate bone marrow production
of white blood cells and angiogenesis.
promotion of blood clotting and calcium up-take
Question 4 2.43 / 2.43 pts
In order for macrophages to be effective phagocytes, they must be activated
by lymphokines produced by:
T helper cells.
For macrophages to kill certain infectious agents most effectively, they
require activation by lymphokines produced from T helper cells,
especially interferon.
neutrophils.
mast cells.
plasma cells.
Question 5 2.43 / 2.43 pts
A deep pressure ulcer heals through the process of:
secondary intention.
Deep wounds heal through extensive collagen formation and
reepithelialization with scarring.
primary intention.9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 4/21
retraction.
reepithelialization without significant scarring.
Question 6 2.43 / 2.43 pts
The alternative pathway of the complement system is activated by:
antigen-antibody complexes.
bleeding.
histamine.
bacteria.
The alternative pathway of the complement system is activated by the
presence of bacterial cell wall polysaccharides (endotoxin).
Question 7 2.43 / 2.43 pts
How long does it take neutrophils to arrive at the site of inflammation?
At least 48 hours
24 to 48 hours
6 to 12 hours
Neutrophils are the first phagocytes to arrive at a site of inflammation
and generally take 6 to 12 hours to arrive in full force.
1 to 2 hours9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 5/21
Question 8 2.43 / 2.43 pts
The components of the complement and kinin system are:
growth factors.
white blood cells.
plasma proteins.
The complement and kinin systems are formed from a series of plasma
proteins that become activated in a sequential manner during
inflammation.
antibodies.
Question 9 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following cells plays an active role in collagen deposition during
wound contraction and scar tissue formation?
Mast cell
Macrophage
Osteocyte
Fibroblast
Fibroblasts are collagen-producing cells that lay down scar tissue during
the wound healing process.9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 6/21
Question 10 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Manifestation of local inflammation includes:
edema.
Increased capillary permeability and the resulting exudation of plasma
into the tissue during inflammation results in edema formation.
bruising.
necrosis.
pallor.
Question 11 2.43 / 2.43 pts
The first vascular response in inflammation is:
brief vasodilation.
decreased vascular permeability.
brief vasoconstriction.
The first response during inflammation is vasoconstriction, which limits
bleeding at the site of tissue injury.
increased vascular permeability.
Question 12 2.43 / 2.43 pts9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 7/21
During degranulation the mast cells release chemotactic cytokines that
perform which of the following functions?
Activation of the complement cascade
Attraction of neutrophils and eosinophils
Chemotactic cytokines play an important role in inflammation by
attracting phagocytes to the site of tissue injury.
Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
Opsonization of bacteria
Question 13 2.43 / 2.43 pts
The first cell to react to tissue injury is the:
neutrophil.
mast cell.
An inflammatory response to tissue injury is typically initiated by mast
cells.
fibroblast.
macrophage.
Question 14 2.43 / 2.43 pts
What role do toll-like receptors (TLRs) play in inflammation?9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 8/21
TLRs allow bacteria to avoid phagocytosis.
TLRs recognize the cellular debris associated with tissue damage.
TLRs increase cellular resistance and lymphocyte response to invasion
TLRs are located on many white blood cells and can recognize a variety
of pathogens.
TLRs do all of the above.
Question 15 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Prior to engulfment of a bacterium during phagocytosis, which of the
following events must occur?
Release of lysosomal enzymes
Fusion
Formation of a phagolysosome
Recognition and adherence
Recognition of the opsonized bacteria and adherence of the bacteria to
the phagocyte cell membrane occurs prior to engulfment.
Question 16 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following characteristics concerning the acute phase reactants
such as C-reactive protein is (are) true?
Significant risk factor for heart disease9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 9/21
Plasma indicator of inflammation
Produced by the liver
All of the above
Acute-phase reactants such as C-reactive protein are plasma proteins
produced by the liver. The presence of these molecules in the plasma is
a marker of inflammation and is a known risk factor in the development
of coronary heart disease.
Question 17 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following cytokines is an antiinflammatory chemical?
IL-1
IL-10
The release of IL-10 inhibits inflammation.
TNF-alpha
IL-6
Question 18 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following chemicals of inflammation are produced by mast cells
from arachidonic acids in the cell membrane after degranulation?
Platelet-activating factor
Leukotrienes and prostaglandins9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 10/21
Leukotrienes and prostaglandins, also known as arachidonic acid
metabolites, are synthesized by the mast cell after degranulation.
Histamine and chemotactic cytokines
Complement proteins
Question 19 2.43 / 2.43 pts
If the surface barriers of innate immunity, such as the skin or mucous
membranes are breached, the second line of defense in innate immunity is
(are) the:
lymphocyte response.
inflammatory response.
If the surface barriers are breached, the body's second line of defense is
the inflammatory response. Inflammation is considered part of the innate
immune response.
memory cells.
lymph node.
Question 20 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Functions of the clotting cascade during inflammation include which of the
following?
Helps stop bleeding
Prevents the spread of infection9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 11/21
Keeps microorganisms close to the neutrophils and macrophages
All of the above
The clotting cascade keeps microorganisms close to the phagocytes,
helps stop any bleeding, and prevents the spread of infection or
inflammation.
Question 21 2.43 / 2.43 pts
One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is fever,
which is induced by several mediators, including:
histamine.
interferon.
interleukin 1.
Fever during inflammation is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and
PGE2.
nitrous oxide.
Question 22 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Activated complement proteins C3a and C5a may act as:
opsonins.
vasoconstrictive agents.
anaphylatoxins.9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 12/21
C3a and C5a act as anaphylatoxins by inducing mast cell degranulation.
membrane attack complexes.
Question 23 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Cells defend against viral invasion through the production and secretion of:
histamine.
interferon.
After a host cell is infected by a virus, it releases interferon (INF-alpha
and INF-beta) to signal neighboring cells to boost their viral defenses.
prostaglandins.
growth factors.
Question 24 2.43 / 2.43 pts
An elevation of which cell accounts for a "left shift" in the white blood cell
count differential?
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Bands and PMNs9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 13/21
In the typical presentation of the white blood cell differential, bands
(immature neutrophils) and PMNs (polymorphonucleocytes) are placed
to the left. During an acute inflammatory response, the rise in these
immature and mature neutrophils creates what is known in the clinical
environment as a "left shift."
Monocytes
Question 25 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which white blood cell plays an important role in inhibiting the inflammatory
response?
Basophil
Neutrophil
Mast cell
Eosinophil
Eosinophils inhibit inflammation by releasing chemicals that control the
vascular effects of histamine.
Question 26 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Opsonization promotes the process of:
vasodilation.
increased vascular permeability.
phagocytosis.9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 14/21
Opsonization involves attaching complement proteins or antibodies to a
foreign cell's plasma membrane to make it easier for phagocytes to
ingest bacteria.
clotting.
Question 27 2.43 / 2.43 pts
All of the following chemicals will induce a fever during inflammation except:
histamine.
TNF-alpha, IL-1, and prostaglandin E2 all induce fever by stimulating the
hypothalamus. Histamine is not involved in the fever response.
IL-1.
prostaglandin E2.
TNF-alpha.
Question 28 2.43 / 2.43 pts
What is the function of H2 receptors for histamine on white blood cells?
Inhibit inflammation
H2 receptors inhibit inflammation by suppressing leukocytes.
Stimulate degranulation
Activate neutrophils and macrophages9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 15/21
Stimulate the immune response
Question 29 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Under normal conditions, which cells account for the greatest percentage of
the white blood cell count differential?
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils (PMNs)
Neutrophils (PMNs) account for 55% of the white blood cell count
differential.
Bands
Question 30 2.43 / 2.43 pts
The end product of the clotting cascade is:
platelet-activating factor.
platelets.
fibrin.
The clotting system involves activation of a series of clotting factors,
resulting in the production of fibrin.
Hageman factor.9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 16/21
Question 31 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Prostaglandins differ from histamine in which of the following ways?
Vascular effect
All of the above
Duration of effect
Histamines are released immediately during degranulation and have
short-acting effects. Prostaglandins are later synthesized and are
responsible for maintaining a long-term inflammatory response.
Site of production
Question 32 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following statements about the skin's role as barrier to infectious
microorganisms is false?
The melanocytes, which are the pigment-producing cells, have the capacity to
ingest microorganisms.
There are dendritic cells in the skin that play a role in activating immune
and allergic responses; however, the pigment cells of the skin do not
play a role in body defense.
Tight junctions between epithelial cells prevent microorganisms from entering
the body.
Microorganisms get sloughed off with dead skin.9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 17/21
Body surface temperatures are cooler than required for optimal bacterial
growth.
Question 33 2.43 / 2.43 pts
What is the purpose of vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
during inflammation?
All of the above
The purpose of vasodilation and increased vascular permeability is to
dilute toxins and bring white blood cells and inflammatory chemicals to
the area of injury.
To bring white blood cells to the area of injury
To dilute toxins
To transport inflammatory chemicals to the area of injury
Question 34 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is capable of impacting all
three plasma protein systems?
Fibrin
Factor X
Hageman factor (factor XII)9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 18/21
Hageman factor can activate the intrinsic pathway of the clotting system,
C1 in the complement system, and prekallikrein in the kinin system.
IL-2
Question 35 2.43 / 2.43 pts
What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response?
It directly stimulates mast cell degranulation.
It inhibits the complement system.
It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin.
Plasmin is an enzyme that will degrade fibrin during clot dissolution or
the resolution of inflammation.
It stimulates proliferation of fibrocytes.
Question 36 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following stimuli are known to induce mast cell degranulation?
Immunologic tissue injury
The presence of toxins
Thermal injury
All of the above9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 19/21
Any form of cell damage, immunologic injury, or the presence of toxic
substances will stimulate mast cells to degranulate.
Question 37 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation?
Neutrophilia
Granuloma formation
A granuloma that consists of a wall of macrophages (epithelioid cells)
surrounding the inflamed area is characteristic of chronic inflammation.
Bleeding
All of the above
Question 38 2.43 / 2.43 pts
In the respiratory system, the release of leukotrienes during an inflammatory
response induces:
coughing.
free radical formation.
bronchoconstriction.
Leukotrienes stimulate bronchial smooth contraction that results in
bronchoconstriction. Leukotrienes play an important role in the pathology
of asthma.9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 20/21
bronchodilation.
Question 39 2.43 / 2.43 pts
The process of a phagocyte squeezing through retracted endothelial cells to
enter into the tissues is called:
fusion.
diapedesis.
The process of diapedesis, the movement of a cell through a cell wall, is
how phagocytes gain entry to the infected or inflamed tissues.
phagocytosis.
margination.
Question 40 2.43 / 2.43 pts
A monocyte is a circulating white blood cell that transforms into which of the
following cells once it enters the tissue during an inflammatory response?
Mast cell
Fibroblast
Neutrophil
Macrophage
Monocytes must mature into macrophages once they enter the tissues to
become active phagocytes.9/18/2019 Module 4 Quiz: NGR 6141-002: Advanced Pathophysiology
https://canvas.fau.edu/courses/68122/quizzes/172834 21/21
Question 41 2.43 / 2.43 pts
Warmth and redness of the skin are indicators of inflammation. Which of the
following processes is responsible for this clinical manifestation?
Decreased vascular permeability
Phagocytosis
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Vasodilation increases blood flow to inflamed tissues and is manifested
by warmth and redness (blood is warm and red).
Quiz Score: 99.63 out of 99.63 [Show Less]