MN553 Final Exam |MULTIPLE VERSIONS, 500+ QUESTIONS|: Pharmacology: Kaplan University |Latest-2022, Verified, 100% Correct|
If a patient with symptoms of
... [Show More] gastroesophageal reflux disease states that he has been self-treating at home with OTC ranitidine daily, the appropriate treatment would be:
Question options:
Prokinetic (metoclopramide) for 4 to 8 weeks
Proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) for 12 weeks
Histamine2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine) for 4 to 8 weeks
Cytoprotective drug (misoprostol) for 2 weeks - Proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) for 12 weeks
Being competent in the use of information technology in clinical practice is expected in professional nurses. Advanced practice competence includes the ability to:
Question options:
Search for information using the most common search engines
Serve as content experts in developing, implementing, and evaluating information Systems
Write programs to assure the integrity of health information
Use information technology to prescribe drugs - Serve as content experts in developing, implementing, and evaluating information Systems
The first-line therapy for mild-persistent asthma is:
Question options:
High-dose montelukast
Theophylline
Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids
Long-acting beta-2-agonists - Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids
Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect:
Question options:
Must be given by the enteral (oral) route only
Bypass the hepatic circulation
Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
Are converted by the liver to more active and fat-soluble forms - Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
Pharmacoeconomics is:
Question options:
The study of the part of the U.S. economy devoted to drug use
The study of the impact of prescription drug costs on the overall economy
The analysis of the costs and consequences of any health-care-related treatment or service
The analysis of the clinical efficacy of the drug - The analysis of the costs and consequences of any health-care-related treatment or service
Jim is being treated for hypertension. Because he has a history of heart attack, the drug chosen is atenolol. Beta blockers treat hypertension by:
Question options:
Increasing heart rate to improve cardiac output
Reducing vascular smooth muscle tone
Increasing aldosterone-mediated volume activity
Reducing aqueous humor production - Reducing vascular smooth muscle tone
Gender differences between men and women in pharmacokinetics include:
Question options:
More rapid gastric emptying so that drugs absorbed in the stomach have less exposure to absorption sites
Higher proportion of body fat so that lipophilic drugs have relatively greater volumes of distribution
Increased levels of bile acids so that drugs metabolized in the intestine have higher concentrations
Slower organ blood flow rates so drugs tend to take longer to be excreted - Higher proportion of body fat so that lipophilic drugs have relatively greater volumes of distribution
Precautions that should be taken when prescribing controlled substances include:
Question options:
Faxing the prescription for a Schedule II drug directly to the pharmacy
Using tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs
Keeping any pre-signed prescription pads in a locked drawer in the clinic
Using only numbers to indicate the amount of drug to be prescribed - Using tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs
Howard is a 72-year-old male who occasionally takes diphenhydramine for his seasonal allergies. Monitoring for this patient taking diphenhydramine would include assessing for:
Question options:
Urinary retention
Cardiac output
Peripheral edema
Skin rash - Urinary retention
Larry is taking allopurinol to prevent gout. Monitoring of a patient who is taking allopurinol includes:
Question options:
Complete blood count
Blood glucose
C-reactive protein
BUN, creatinine, and creatinine clearance - BUN, creatinine, and creatinine clearance
Education for patients who use an inhaled beta-agonist and an inhaled corticosteroid includes:
Question options:
Use the inhaled corticosteroid first, followed by the inhaled beta-agonists.
Use the inhaled beta-agonist first, followed by the inhaled corticosteroid.
Increase fluid intake to 3 liters per day.
Avoid use of aspirin or ibuprofen while using inhaled medications. - Use the inhaled beta-agonist first, followed by the inhaled corticosteroid.
The drug of choice for type 2 diabetics is metformin. Metformin:
Question options:
Decreases glycogenolysis by the liver
Increases the release of insulin from beta cells
Increases intestinal uptake of glucose
Prevents weight gain associated with hyperglycemia - Decreases glycogenolysis by the liver
Sook has been prescribed gabapentin to treat neuropathic pain and is complaining of feeling depressed and having "strange" thoughts. The appropriate initial action would be:
Question options:
Increase her dose
Assess for suicidal ideation
Discontinue the medication immediately
Decrease her dose to half then slowly titrate up the dose - Assess for suicidal ideation
Harold, a 42-year-old African American, has moderate persistent asthma. Which of the following asthma medications should be used cautiously, if at all?
Question options:
Betamethasone, an inhaled corticosteroid
Salmeterol, an inhaled long-acting beta-agonist
Albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist
Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier - Salmeterol, an inhaled long-acting beta-agonist
There is often cross-sensitivity and cross-resistance between penicillins and cephalosporins because:
Question options:
Renal excretion is similar in both classes of drugs.
When these drug classes are metabolized in the liver they both produce resistant enzymes.
Both drug classes contain a beta-lactam ring that is vulnerable to beta-lactamase-producing organisms.
There is not an issue with cross-resistance between the penicillins and cephalosporins. - Both drug classes contain a beta-lactam ring that is vulnerable to beta-lactamase-producing organisms.
Patients who are treated with greater than 100 grams per week of topical calcipotriene for psoriasis need to be monitored for:
Question options:
High vitamin D levels
Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia - Hypercalcemia
A potentially life-threatening adverse response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is angioedema. Which of the following statements is true about this adverse response?
Question options:
Swelling of the tongue or hoarseness are the most common symptoms.
It appears to be related to the decrease in aldosterone production.
Presence of a dry, hacky cough indicates a high risk for this adverse response.
Because it takes time to build up a blood level, it occurs after being on the drug for about 1 week. - Swelling of the tongue or hoarseness are the most common symptoms.
Clinical judgment in prescribing includes:
Question options:
Factoring in the cost to the patient of the medication prescribed
Always prescribing the newest medication available for the disease process
Handing out drug samples to poor patients
Prescribing all generic medications to cut costs - Factoring in the cost to the patient of the medication prescribed
Sadie is a 90-year-old patient who requires a new prescription. What changes in drug distribution with aging would influence prescribing for Sadie?
Question options:
Increased volume of distribution
Decreased lipid solubility
Decreased plasma proteins
Increased muscle-to-fat ratio - Decreased plasma proteins
Several classes of drugs have interactions with cholinergic blockers. Which of the following is true about these interactions?
Question options:
Drugs with a narrow therapeutic range given orally may not stay in the GI tract long enough to produce an action.
Additive antimuscarinic effects may occur with antihistamines.
Cholinergic blockers may decrease the sedative effects of hypnotics.
Cholinergic blockers are contraindicated with antipsychotics. - Drugs with a narrow therapeutic range given orally may not stay in the GI tract long enough to produce an action.
The role of the NP in the use of herbal medication is to:
Question options:
Maintain competence in the prescribing of common herbal remedies
Recommend common over-the-counter herbs to patients
Educate patients and guide them to appropriate sources of care
Encourage patients to not use herbal therapy due to the documented dangers - Educate patients and guide them to appropriate sources of care
Leonard is completing a 6-month regimen to treat tuberculosis (TB). Monitoring of a patient on TB therapy includes:
Question options:
Monthly sputum cultures
Monthly chest x-ray
Bronchoscopy every 3 months
All of the above - Monthly sputum cultures
What is the role of calcium supplements when patients take bisphosphonates?
Question options:
They must be restricted to allow the medication to work.
They must be taken in sufficient amounts to provide foundational elements for bone growth.
They must be taken at the same time as the bisphosphonates.
They only work with bisphosphonates if daily intake is restricted. - They must be taken in sufficient amounts to provide foundational elements for bone growth.
Lisa is a healthy nonpregnant adult woman who recently had a urinary tract infection (UTI). She is asking about drinking cranberry juice to prevent a recurrence of the UTI. The correct answer to give her would be:
Question options:
Sixteen ounces per day of cranberry juice cocktail will prevent UTIs.
100% cranberry juice or cranberry juice extract may decrease UTIs in some patients.
There is no evidence that cranberry juice helps prevent UTIs.
Cranberry juice only works to prevent UTIs in children. - 100% cranberry juice or cranberry juice extract may decrease UTIs in some patients.
Patient education regarding taking iron replacements includes:
Question options:
Doubling the dose if they miss a dose to maintain therapeutic levels
Taking the iron with milk or crackers if it upsets their stomach
Iron is best taken on an empty stomach with juice
Antacids such as Tums may help the upset stomach caused by iron therapy - Iron is best taken on an empty stomach with juice
The benefits to the patient of having an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) prescriber include:
Question options:
Nurses know more about Pharmacology than other prescribers because they take it both in their basic nursing program and in their APRN program.
Nurses care for the patient from a holistic approach and include the patient in decision making regarding their care.
APRNs are less likely to prescribe narcotics and other controlled substances.
APRNs are able to prescribe independently in all states, whereas a physician's assistant needs to have a physician supervising their practice. - Nurses care for the patient from a holistic approach and include the patient in decision making regarding their care.
Azithromycin dosing requires that the first day's dosage be twice those of the other 4 days of the prescription. This is considered a loading dose. A loading dose:
Question options:
Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range
Requires four- to five-half-lives to attain
Is influenced by renal function
Is directly related to the drug circulating to the target tissues - Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range
Which of the following holds true for the pharmacokinetics of women?
Question options:
Gastric emptying is faster than that of men.
Organ blood flow is the same as that of men.
Evidence is strong concerning renal differences in elimination.
Medications that involve binding globulins are impacted by estrogen levels. - Medications that involve binding globulins are impacted by estrogen levels.
Rose is a 3-year-old patient with an upper respiratory infection (URI). Treatment for her URI would include:
Question options:
Amoxicillin
Diphenhydramine
Pseudoephedrine
Nasal saline spray - Nasal saline spray
Sally has been prescribed aspirin 320 mg per day for her atrial fibrillation. She also takes aspirin four or more times a day for arthritis pain. What are the symptoms of aspirin toxicity for which she would need to be evaluated?
Question options:
Tinnitus
Diarrhea
Hearing loss
Photosensitivity - Tinnitus
The first-line drug choice for a previously healthy adult patient diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia would be:
Question options:
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin
Amoxicillin
Doxycycline - Azithromycin
Alterations in drug metabolism among Asians may lead to:
Question options:
Slower metabolism of antidepressants, requiring lower doses
Faster metabolism of neuroleptics, requiring higher doses
Altered metabolism of omeprazole, requiring higher doses
Slower metabolism of alcohol, requiring higher doses - Slower metabolism of antidepressants, requiring lower doses
Jamison has been prescribed citalopram (Celexa) to treat his depression. Education regarding how quickly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants work would be:
Question options:
Appetite and concentration improve in the first 1 to 2 weeks.
Sleep should improve almost immediately upon starting citalopram.
Full response to the SSRI may take 2 to 4 months after he reaches the full therapeutic dose.
His dysphoric mood will improve in 1 to 2 weeks. - Appetite and concentration improve in the first 1 to 2 weeks.
Medications are typically started for angina patients when:
Question options:
The first permanent EKG changes occur
The start of class I or II symptoms
The events trigger a trip to the emergency department
When troponin levels become altered - The start of class I or II symptoms
Which diuretic agents typically do not need potassium supplementation?
Question options:
The loop diuretics
The thiazide diuretics
The aldosterone inhibitors
They all need supplementation - The aldosterone inhibitors
Sophie presents to the clinic with a malodorous vaginal discharge and is confirmed to have Trichomonas infection. Treatment for her would include:
Question options: [Show Less]