MN551 – Quiz 5 --Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Across the Life Span - Midterm
Structure and function of the kidney
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A 77
... [Show More] year old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium
difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of
the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces? She is
susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit. ---This woman is at risk of isotonic fluid volume
deficit and sodium imbalances as a result of her diarrhea. She is not likely to develop fluid
volume excess or third spacing as consequences of diarrhea.
Which diuretic acts by inhibiting sodium chloride reabsorption in
the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle? (Points : 0.4)
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) hydrochlorothiazide act on the distal
convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter leading to a retention of water in
the urine, as water normally follows penetrating solutes.
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
A 77 year old female with a diagnosis of copd is experiencing
impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory
rate. Which of the following phenomena would her care team most
realistically anticipate? Her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma
HCO3- and her pH will decrease.
Respiratory acidosis is accompanied by renal adaptation with a more marked increase in
plasma HCO3- and a lesser decrease in pH. Her pH is likely below 7.35, and the likely renal
response involves the reabsorption of HCO3- and secretion of H+. Excess CO2 production is not
a common manifestation of obstructive lung disease.
A 68 year old woman with a new onset a vascular dementia has
recently begun retaining urine. Which of the following physiological
phenomena would her care providers most realistically expect to be
currently occurring as a result of her urinary retention? Hypertrophy of
the bladder muscle and increased bladder wall thickness.
Early accompaniments to urinary retention include hypertrophy of the
bladder muscle and increased thickness of the bladder wall. Renal effects are
unlikely, and decompensation and loss of contraction power are most often later
rather than early effects.
An 87 year old male re [Show Less]