Question 1. A clinician is conducting an assessment of a male patient suspected of having a disorder of
motor function. Which of the following assessment
... [Show More] findings would suggest a possible upper motor
neuron (UMN) lesion? (Points : 0.4)
The patient has decreased deep tendon reflexes.
The patient displays increased muscle tone.
The patient's muscles appear atrophied.
The patient displays weakness in the distal portions of his limbs.
Rationale: UMNs typically produce increased muscle tone, while hyporeflexia, muscle atrophy, and weakness in the
distal portion of the limbs are more commonly indicative of lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions
Question 2. A 51-year-old has been admitted to a rehabilitation center after hospital treatment for
an ischemic stroke. Which of the following aspects of the patient's history would not be considered to
have contributed to his stroke? (Points : 0.4)
He was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes eight years ago
Elevated cholesterol
Blood pressure that is normally 120/80
The patient is an African American Male
History of sickle cell anemia
Question 3. Following a spinal cord injury suffered in a motor vehicle accident, a 22-yearold male has lost fine motor function of his finger and thumb, but is still able to perform gross
motor movements of his hand and arm. Which of the following components of his white matter
has most likely been damaged? (Points : 0.4)
The inner layer (archilayer)
The middle layer (paleolayer)
The outer layer (neolayer)
The reticular formation
Rationale: Fine manipulation skills are the domain of the outer layer, or neolayer, of tract systems. The inner and
middle layers and the reticular formation are not noted to be responsible for these functions.
Question 4. A 44-year-old female has been diagnosed with major depression. Which of
the following neuroimaging findings is most congruent with the woman's diagnosis? (Points
: 0.4)
Decreased brain activity in the pons and brain stem
Reduced activity and gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex
Atrophy and decreased blood flow in the amygdala
Enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles and reduction in frontal and temporal volumes
Rationale: In some cases of familial major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, PET and MRI studies haveQuestion 26. When reviewing the purpose/action of neurotransmitters as they interact with different receptors,
the nursing instructor gives an example using acetylcholine. When acetylcholine is released at the sinoatrial node in
the right atrium of the heart, it is:
positively charged
inhibitory
overstimulated
dormant
Rationale: The action of a transmitter is determined by the type of receptor to which it binds. Acetylcholine is
excitatory when it is released at a myoneural junction, and it is inhibitory when it is released at the sinoatrial node in
the heart.
Question 27. A toddler is displaying signs and symptoms of weakness and muscle atrophy. The pediatric
neurologist suspects it may be a lower motor neuron disease called spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The patient's
family asks how he got this. The nurse will respond:
This could result from playing in soil and then ingesting bacteria that are now attacking his motor neurons.
No one really knows how this disease is formed. We just know that in time, he may grow out of it.
This is a degenerative disorder that tends to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
This is a segmental demyelination disorder that affects all nerve roots and eventually all muscle groups as well.
Question 28. A child is experiencing difficulty with chewing and swallowing. The nurse knows that which of the
following cells may be innervating specialized gut-related receptors that provide taste and smell?
Special somatic afferent fibers
General somatic afferents
Special visceral afferent cells
General visceral afferent neurons
Question 29. While assessing a critically ill patient in the emergency department, the nurse notes on the cardiac
monitor an R-on-T premature ventricular beat that develops into ventricular tachycardia (VT). Immediately, the
patient became unresponsive. The nurse knows that based on pathophysiologic principles, the most likely cause of
the unresponsiveness is:
metabolic acidosis that occurs spontaneously following any dysrhythmias.
interruption of the blood/oxygen supply to the brain.
massive cerebrovascular accident (CVA) resulting from increased perfusion.
a blood clot coming from the heart and occluding the carotid arteries.
Question 30. The parents of a 3-year-old boy have brought him to a pediatrician for assessment of the boy's late
ambulation and frequent falls. Subsequent muscle biopsy has confirmed a diagnosis of Duchenne muscular
dystrophy. Which of the following teaching points should the physician include when explaining the child's
diagnosis to his parents? [Show Less]