MN 551 / MN551 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM
2 / 2 points
A female neonate has been in respiratory distress since delivery and is
unresponsive
... [Show More] to oxygen therapy. Endoscopy has confirmed a diagnosis of
esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). Which of the
following explanations should the care team provide to the infant's parents?
Question options:
“We will have to perform surgery to correct the hole in her throat to make sure that she is able to swallow and breathe
“This problem will require respiratory therapy and supplementary feeding, but it will likely resolve itself over time.”
“The biggest risk that will face your daughter until this is fixed is the danger of malnutrition and dehydration.”
“The priority in our immediate treatment prior to her surgery will be pain management, as the contents of her stomach can burn
her lungs.”
The father of an 18-month-old girl noticed a small vesicle on her face
several days ago. The lesion ruptured and left a straw-colored crust that
remained on the girl's face. The eruption of new vesicles has prompted him
to bring the child to the emergency department. Which of the following
treatments for the child's skin problem is most likely?
Question options:
A topical antifungal ointment
An oral corticosteroid
An antiviral ointment
A topical antibiotic
Following a long history of fatigue, weakness, and poor appetite, a 39-yearold male has been diagnosed with hypopituitarism. Which of the following
clinical findings would most likely cause his care team to suspect that the
man has an additional endocrine disorder from a different source?
Question options:
The man has a low sperm count and has been unable to have children.
The man has a chronic platelet deficiency and is occasionally anemic.
The patient is 5 feet 2 inches tall and was consistently short for his age as a child.
The man displays the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
A 46-year-old male has presented to the emergency department because of the
eye pain, severe headache, and blurred vision that have followed an eye exam
at an optometrist's office earlier in the day. The patient tells the triage
nurse that he received eyedrops during the exam “to keep my pupils wide
open.” What differential diagnosis will the care team first suspect?
Question options:
Infectious conjunctivitis
Corneal trauma
Angle-closure glaucoma
A nurse practitioner is providing care for a 40-year-old male who is
experiencing chronic insomnia in recent months while going through a divorce
and child custody proceedings. The man is requesting a prescription for
“sleeping pills” to help him through this time. Which of the following
statements forms a valid basis for the nurse practitioner's plan for
treatment?
Question options:
Sedative and hypnotic drugs will not provide safe relief of the man's health problem.
The man is suffering from primary insomnia.
Melatonin supplements will be the safest and most effective long-term pharmacological treatment.
Behavioral therapies, counseling, and education may be of some use to the patient.
A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have
elevated levels of AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for
viral hepatitis. A liver biopsy reveals inflammation and cellular damage.
Which of the following treatments is most likely to be effective for her?
Question options:
Peginterferon and ribavirin
Interferon-alfa-2b
Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs
A 51-year-old woman who has been receiving estrogen and progesterone therapy
(EPT) for the last 5 years has visited her care provider because her peers
have told her about the risks of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer
that could accompany hormone therapy (HT). How should her care provider
respond to her concerns?
Question options:
“There is a demonstrable increase in breast cancer risk with HT, but the risk of stroke or heart disease actually goes down
“All things considered, the benefits of HT outweigh the slightly increased risks of heart disease, stroke, or breast cancer.”
“HT is actually associated with a decrease in heart disease risk, but there is an increase in stroke risk; the breast cancer
connection is still unclear.”
“There's in fact a slight protective effect against stroke associated with HT, but this is partially offset by increased rates of
heart disease and breast cancer.”
Having heard positive reports of the benefits of HT from her sister-in-law
and friends, a 49-year-old woman has presented to her nurse practitioner
asking to start HT. Her uterus is intact and previous bone scans have
indicated low bone density. The patient also has a family history of heart
disease. She characterizes her symptoms of menopause as “noticeable, but not
debilitating by any means.” Based on the most current research, what is her
nurse practitioner's best course of action?
Question options:
Begin estrogen-progesterone HT (EPT) to prevent future menopausal symptoms and coronary heart disease (CHD)
Forgo HT in light of her preexisting low bone density and consequent risk of osteoporosis
Forgo HT but consider alternative therapies and reevaluate if her symptoms significantly affect her quality of life
Begin low-dose HT but perform regular breast cancer screening and heart health checks
A 51-year-old woman has been experiencing signs and symptoms of
perimenopause and has sought help from her nurse practitioner. Doctors have
confirmed a deficiency in estrogen levels as a contributing factor. Which of
the following phenomena could potentially underlie the woman's health
problem?
Question options:
Sufficient synthesis of estrogen but inadequate vesicle-mediated release
Inadequate synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of her ovarian cells
Insufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the relevant cells
A lack of prohormone precursors needed for estrogen synthesis and release
A 17-year-old female is suspected of having narcolepsy. Which of the
following aspects of her medical history and sleep analysis would contribute [Show Less]