Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth,
... [Show More] resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, cord factor that cause disease - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Diseases: primary TB: initial infection, secondary TB: reactivation of TB after lying dormant for a period of time, disseminated TB: results when infection spreads throughout the body - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Virulence: same as tuberculosis (mycobacterium) - Leprae
unique properties: cannot be cultivated in cell free medium- cultured in footpads of mice and bellies of 9-banded armadillos; transmission via person to person contact or through break in skin; some protection provided by BCG vaccine; treated with dapsone and rifampin as well as clofazimine - Leprae
DISEASES- 1. Tuberculoid Leprosy: high cell mediated response and low antibody, nonprogressive disease characterized by loss of sensation in skin regions, shallow skin lesions and only occasional mutilation of body. 2. Lepromatous Leprosy: low cell-mediated response and high antibody, produces gradual tissue destruction resulting in loss of facial features, digits, and other body parts, numerous deep skin lesions and nodules appear, common to have mutilated extremities - Leprae
VIRULENCE- has mycolic acid since it's a mycobacterium (see tuberculosis), produces mycolactone: polyketide toxin that destroys subcutaneous tissue (top skin later dies and sloughs off), powerful immune suppressing agent - Ulcerans
UNIQUE PROPERTIES- 1. associated with slow moving water, 2. enters skin through abrasions, 3. grows extracellularly, 4. no proven therapy so ulcer is excised and skin grafts are used - Ulcerans
DISEASES- 1. Beruli Ulcer (see above for symptoms/treatment) - Ulcerans
UNIQUE PROPERTIES- 1. small, Gram-positive rods found on skin, 2. opportunistic pathogen, 3. treated w/ antimicrobial drugs, 4. most common species involved in human infections - Propionibacterium acnes
DISEASES- acne: bacteria infect a hair follicle, causing accumulation of colonizing bac, and sebum - Propionibacterium acnes
3 types of antigens that are used to serotype enteric bacteria - Antigen O - polysaccharide
Antigen K - protein and polysaccharide capsular antigens
Antigen H - flagellar proteins
rapidly ferment lactose
part of general microbiota
may be opportunistic pathogens - Coliform
DISEASES - Brucellosis - transmitted to humans in unpasteurized contaminated milk or contact
with animal blood, urine, placentas. Humans: causes fluctuating fever (AKA undulant
fever, bang's fever, malta fever, rock fever of Gibraltar, fever of Crete) - chills, sweating, headache, weight loss. Animals: STDs and abortive disease due to viscerotropism for reproductive organs. generally asymptomatic or mild, but can cause sterility & abortion. - Brucella melitensis [Show Less]