Indole Positive and Negative example.
Positive: E. coli
Negative Kleb. pneumo
Methyl red Positive and Negative example.
Positive: E.
... [Show More] coli
Negative: Kleb. pneumo
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Citrate Positive and Negative examples.
Positive: Kleb. pneumo
Negative: E. coli
VP and Citrate reactions for E. coli and Kleb. pneumo:
E. coli: negative
Kleb. pneumo: positive
Eosinophils in urine sediment indicate:
acute interstitial nephritis
What is measured in procainamide?
N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA)
Which microorganism is linked to glomerulonephritis?
Post-streptococcal: S. pyogenes Group A
What diseases are linked to basophilic stippling?
-beta thal major
-lead poisoning
Organisms that must be worked on under the hood:
-Brucella
-N. meningitidis
-Mycobacterium
-Fungi and Molds
Who discovered ABO groups?
Karl Landsteiner
Beer's Law states that:
absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of substance in solution
Positive and Negative Control for Oxidase.
P. aeruginosa - pos
E. coli - neg
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01:33
Positive and Negative control for butyrate:
Pos: M. catarhalis
Neg: N. gonorrhoeae
How do you differentiate Group D Strep from enterococcus?
-Both are Bile Esculin pos
-6.5% NaCl: Gp D is neg
Enterococcus is pos
PYR: Enterococcus is pos
Group D is neg
Major sources of ALP:
Heat stability: Placenta>intestine>liver>bone
ALP is elevated in:
1. bile duct obstruction (gallstone)
2. Cirrhosis
3. Hepatic tumors
4. ALT/AST>ALP-->hepatitis
On admission and 4 hours later what is the best test to confirm an AMI?
Troponin I
PT measures which factors?
Extrinsic: VII
Common: I, II, V, X
APTT measures which factors?
Intrinsic: 8, 9, 11, 12, prekallikrein
Common: 1, II, V, X
What confirs immunity from hepatitis B? If you have the immune marker what marker will you have if you have had the infection along with the immune antibody?
Anti-HBs
Anti-HBc*distinguishes past infection vs just vaccination
Procedure for Using a Winged Blood Collection Device to Collect a Specimen for Coagulation Tests:
Discard a blue top then use 2nd blue to get rid of air
Football shaped egg with hyaline plugs at each end:
Trichuris trichiura
Up to 4 nuclei, chromatoidal bars, vacuoles:
E. histolytica cyst
*trophozoites ingest RBCs..if you see this you can call it histolytica!
Hypersegmented neutrophils are seen in:
Megaloblastic anemias: Vit B12 or Folate deficiency
Triple phosphate crystals are found in _______ urine and look like ______.
alkaline; coffin lids
Tumor marker for colon cancer:
CEA
To determine peak levels, collect specimens after:
-IV:15-30 minutes
IM: >2 hours
Oral: 1-2 hours
Bacitracin test can also be used to differentiate:
bacitracin-resistant Staphylococcus from bacitracin-susceptible Micrococcus
Primary marker for distinguishing pyelonephritis (upper UTI) from cystitis (lower UTI)
WBC cast
Waxy casts are more easily visualized than hyaline casts because of their:
higher refractive index
associated with prolonged vomiting
Metabolic Alkalosis (Cl- loss so HCO3- retention)
Associated with severe diarrhea:
Metabolic Acidosis-losing bicarb..also associated with salicylate poisoning and diabetic ketoacidosis
Disease associated with echinocytes? Artifact?
Uremia; didn't dry blood fast enough or completely
The parathyroid gland releases PTH to __________ Ca2+ and ____PO4-
increase ; eliminate [Show Less]