1. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the
A. Pia mater
B. Dura mater
C. Subarachnoid space
D. Arachnoid mater
E. All of the choices are correct
2.
... [Show More] Place the following in order from skull to brain: 1) Subarachnoid space 2) Arachnoid mater 3) Dura mater 4)
Pia mater
A. Subarachnoid space, arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
B. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater
C. Dura mater, arachnoid mater,4, subarachnoid space
D. Arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, dura mater, pia mater
E. Pia mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, dura mater
3. The concept of "immunologically privileged" explains why the CNS
A. Has a greater immune response than the rest of the body
B. Has a reduced immune response compared to the rest of the body
C. Has a completely different set of immune responses
D. Has more MHC markers than other tissues
E. All of the choices are correct
4. Which type of neuroglia has phagocytic capabilities in the CNS?
A. Astrocytes
B. Schwann cells
C. Macrophages
D. Microglial cells
E. Neurons2
5. What brain defense restricts substances from entering the brain by the vascular system?
A. Meninges
B. Blood-brain barrier
C. Macrophages
D. Microglia
E. Cranium
6. The normal biota of the CNS consists of
A. Neisseria meningitidis
B. Herpes simplex I
C. Herpes simplex II
D. Streptococcus agalactiae
E. The CNS has no normal biota
7. Meningococcemia is
A. Best treated with penicillin G
B. Associated with vascular collapse, hemorrhage and petechiae
C. Started from a nasopharyngeal infection
D. Caused by a gram negative diplococcus
E. All of the choices are correct
8. All of the following pertain to Neisseria meningitidis except
A. Virulent factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin and IgA protease
B. Causes a serious meningitis
C. Reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers
D. More easily transmitted in day care facilities, dorms and military barracks
E. Common cause of bacterial pneumonia
9. Which of the following is a sign of meningitis?
A. Headache
B. Stiff neck
C. White blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid
D. Fever
E. All of the choices are correct3
10. Meningococci initially colonize the
A. Lacrimal ducts
B. Oral mucosa
C. Nasopharynx
D. Eustachian tube
E. All of the choices are correct
11. Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted by
A. Casual contact
B. Close contact
C. Intimate contact
D. Indirect contact
E. Fomites
12. Treatment for Neisseria meningitidis consists of
A. Vancomycin
B. Penicillin G orally
C. Penicillin G intravenously
D. Rifampin
E. Tetracycline
13. Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
A. Most frequent cause of community acquired meningitis
B. Has a polysaccharide capsule that resists phagocytosis
C. Produces alpha-hemolysin and hydrogen peroxide
D. Small gram-positive flattened coccus
E. Responds well to penicillin
14. Which of the following is caused by Haemophilus influenzae?
A. Bacterial meningitis
B. Influenza (flu)
C. Otitis media
D. Bronchitis
E. Epiglottitis4
15. The virulence of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is associated with its
A. Fimbriae
B. Neurotoxin
C. Enterotoxin
D. Capsule
E. None of the choices are correct
16. Prophylactic rifampin is indicated for individuals in close contact with patients infected by
A. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Listeria monocytogenes
C. Cryptococcus neoformans
D. Coccidiodes immitis
E. Streptococcus agalactiae
17. Each of the following is true for Listeria monocytogenes except
A. Resistant to cold
B. Fastidious
C. Resistant to heat
D. Resistant to salt
E. Can result in septicemia
18. Which organism is a common cause of meningitis in AIDS patients and can be found in bird droppings?
A. Listeria monocytogenes
B. Haemophilus influenza
C. Neisseria meningitidis
D. Cryptococcus neoformans
E. Streptococcus agalactiae
19. Cryptococcus neoformans is a
A. Virus
B. Bacteria
C. Prion
D. Fungus
E. Helminth5
20. Agricultural workers and field archaeologists are exposed to this organism which although entering via the
respiratory tract can cause meningitis.
A. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Coccidioides immitis
C. Cryptococcus neoformans
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae
E. Neisseria meningitidis
21. Arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis develop into _____ that will release endospores into the lungs.
A. Hyphae
B. Capsules
C. Spherules
D. Capsids
E. Buds
22. Although many viruses can cause meningitis, the most common viral cause is
A. Herpes simplex
B. Cytomegalovirus
C. Arbovirus
D. Enterovirus
E. Arenavirus
23. Neonatal meningitis is most commonly transmitted by
A. Breast feeding
B. Hospital personnel
C. Transplacental infection
D. Exposure in birth canal
E. Exposure from other infants
24. The organism responsible for the majority of neonatal meningitis is
A. Streptococcus agalactiae
B. Escherichia coli K1
C. Listeria monocytogenes
D. Haemophilus influenzae
E. Neisseria meningitidis6
25. The organism found in powdered baby formula which can cause meningitis is:
A. Escherichia coli O157:H7
B. Escherichia coli K1
C. Enterobacter sakazakii
D. Streptococcus agalactiae
E. Cryptococcus neoformans
26. Which of the following is not true of meningoencephalitis?
A. Causative organisms are Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba
B. Infections of both the brain and meninges
C. Causative organisms are viruses
D. Modes of transmission are direct contact and swimming in warm fresh water
E. Treatment for Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis is mostly ineffective
27. Which of the following is not a causative agent of acute encephalitis?
A. JC virus
B. Arbovirus
C. Herpes simplex virus
D. Toxoplasma gondii
E. Varicella-zoster virus
28. Encephalitis caused by arboviruses involves
A. Fever, headache and rash
B. Coma, convulsions, paralysis in severe cases
C. Myalgia and orbital pain
D. Muscle aches and joint stiffness
E. All of the choices are correct
29. Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a
A. Bacteria
B. Protozoan
C. Virus
D. Helminth
E. All of the choices are correct7
30. What is the likelihood of a patient infected by West Nile Virus developing West Nile encephalitis?
A. Less than 1%
B. Between 1% and 10%
C. Between 10% and 15%
D. Greater than 20%
E. Greater than 50%
31. The best defense against arborviruses is
A. Prophylactic rifampin
B. Vector control
C. Vaccination
D. Prompt treatment with acyclovir
E. All of the choices are correct
32. Which of the following have the highest mortality rate?
A. Western Equine Encephalitis
B. St. Louis Encephalitis
C. California Encephalitis
D. Eastern Equine Encephalitis
E. West Nile Encephalitis
33. Each of the following are true for Toxoplasma gondii except
A. It is a flagellated parasite
B. It is often fatal for AIDS patients
C. Can cause stillbirth
D. Has a narrow host range
E. All of the choices are true
34. What organism is the main reservoir and host for Toxoplasma gondii?
A. Cat
B. Dog
C. Mouse
D. Mosquito
E. Raccoon8
35. Toxoplasmosis prevention includes
A. Vaccination of humans
B. Vaccination of cats
C. Hygienic precautions
D. Vector control
E. All of the choices are correct
36. Spongiform encephalopathies are
A. Associated with abnormal, transmissible, protein in the brain
B. Chronic, fatal infections of the nervous system
C. Caused by prions
D. Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, kuru and Gertsmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome
E. All of the choices are correct
37. Which of the following is not a prion disease?
A. Scrapie
B. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
C. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
D. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
E. All of the choices are prion diseases
38. Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease live
A. Less than one year post diagnosis
B. 1 to 5 years post diagnosis
C. 5 to 10 years post diagnosis
D. 10 to 20 years post diagnosis
E. Greater than 25 years post diagnosis
39. Prions can be transmitted by all of the following except
A. Ingesting brain material
B. Ingesting meat from infected animals
C. Surgical instruments
D. Cornea transplants
E. All of the choices are ways of prion transmission9
40. Subacute encephalitis may be caused by
A. Toxoplasma gondii
B. Prions
C. Herpes simplex virus
D. Persistent measles virus
E. All of the choices are correct
41. Which is incorrect about rabies?
A. Is a zoonotic disease
B. Wild populations of bats, skunks, raccoons, cats and canines are primary reservoirs
C. Transmission can involve bites, scratches and inhalation
D. Average incubation in human is 1 week
E. Symptoms include anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms, convulsions, paralysis
42. Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes
A. Debridement
B. Washing bite with soap or detergent
C. Infusing the wound with human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)
D. Postexposure vaccination with inactive vaccine
E. All of the choices are correct
43. All of the following pertain to poliomyelitis except
A. Summer outbreaks in the U.S. have been recently increasing
B. Transmitted primarily by fecal contaminated water
C. Can be asymptomatic or mild with headache, sore throat, fever and nausea
D. If virus enters the central nervous system motor, neurons can be infected and destroyed
E. Caused by Poliovirus (genus Enterovirus)
44. Polio virus initially multiplies in the
A. Intestine
B. CNS
C. Tonsils
D. Nasal mucosa
E. None of the choices are correct10
45. In paralytic polio, what structures are damaged?
A. Peripheral nerves
B. Diaphragm
C. Anterior horn cells
D. Sensory nerves
E. Brain stem
46. The preferred preventative measure for polio in the United States is
A. Inactive vaccine developed by Jonas Salk
B. Oral, active vaccine developed by Jonas Salk
C. Inactive vaccine developed by Albert Sabin
D. Oral, active vaccine developed by Albert Sabin
47. Production of a neurotoxin that binds to target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal
muscle contraction is a characteristic of
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium perfringens
C. Clostridium difficile
D. Clostridium tetani
E. All of the choices are correct
48. The foodborne disease that involves neurotoxin is
A. Gastrointestinal anthrax
B. Bacillus cereus intoxication
C. Botulism
D. Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis
E. All of the choices are correct
49. Production of a neurotoxin that prevents acetylcholine release from motor neurons at neuromuscular
junctions is a characteristic of
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium perfringens
C. Clostridium difficile
D. Clostridium tetani
E. All of the choices are correct11
50. Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and foodborne botulism?
A. Occurs when spore-contaminated soil enters deep wounds
B. Caused by enterotoxins of the pathogen
C. Exotoxin blocks acetylcholine release
D. Nausea and diarrhea are symptoms
E. Treatment involves antitoxin therapy
51. Tetanus differs from botulism in that
A. Tetanus results in flaccid paralysis while botulism paralysis is rigid
B. Tetanus results from an exotoxin, botulism from an endotoxin
C. There is a vaccine for tetanus not for botulism
D. Muscles cannot relax in tetanus, muscles cannot contract in botulism
E. All of the choices are true
52. Which is the exotoxin of botulism?
A. Hemolysin
B. Tetanospasm
C. Peroxidases
D. Factor V
E. Botulinum
53. African sleeping sickness is caused by
A. Trypanosoma cruzi
B. Trypanosoma brucei
C. Leishmania brasiliensis
D. Isospora belli
E. Plasmodium falciparum
54. The vector involved in African sleeping sickness is the
A. Reduviid, "kissing", bug
B. Tsetse fly
C. Anopheles mosquito
D. Phlebotomine (sand) fly
E. Hard bodied tick12
55. Pneumovax is a vaccine for prevention of disease caused by strains of Neisseria meningitidis.
True False
56. Cryptococcal meningitis is highly communicable among humans.
True False
57. Viral meningitis normally requires aggressive antiviral treatment.
True False
58. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by a prion.
True False
59. Some cases of CJD may be caused by a mutation of the Prp gene.
True False
60. Prions can be destroyed by autoclaving.
True False
61. In rabies, spasms of muscles for swallowing leads to a fear of water.
True False
62. Up to 50% of persons who survived polio as children will suffer from post-polio syndrome later in life.
True False
63. Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters of the tetanus toxoid.
True False13
64. Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.
True False
65. In both botulism and tetanus, respiratory muscles cannot facilitate breathing and, if untreated, respiratory
collapse leads to death.
True False
66. Botox injections contain botulin toxin.
True False
67. The oral and inactivated polio vaccines are made from plant cell cultures.
True False
68. Children with hypogammaglobulinemia are at risk for developing polio if given the oral polio vaccine.
True False
69. No cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.
True False1
Chapter 19 Test Bank Key [Show Less]