Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical
Approach, 2nd ed. by Cowan Chapter 5
Viruses Correct Answers- infect EVERY type of cell, including bacteria,
... [Show More] algae,
fungi, protozoa, plants, and animals
louis Pasteur Correct Answers- postulated that a living thing smaller than bacteria
caused these diseases; Also proposed the term virus = poison
Ivanovski and Beijerinck Correct Answers- showed that a disease in tobacco was
caused by a virus
Loeffler and Frosch Correct Answers- discovered that an animal virus causes foot
and mouth disease in cattle
Filterable virus Correct Answers- Early researchers found that when fluids from
host organisms passed through porcelain filters designed to trap bacteria, the
filtrate remained infectious
Obligate Intracellular parasites Correct Answers- Cannot multiply unless they
invade a specific host cell and instruct its genetic and metabolic machinery to make
and release new viruses
infectious molecules Correct Answers- since viruses are unable to replicate
independently from the host cell, they are considered not living things but can
direct life processes of cells and should be called this
active or inactive Correct Answers- viruses are best described as this rather than
alive or not alive
hosts and diseases, structure, chemical composition, similarities in genetic makeup
Correct Answers- classification of viruses is based on these
orders, families, genera Correct Answers- order of taxonomy of viruses from
largest to smallest
20 nm Correct Answers- smallest viruses
parvoviruses Correct Answers- what are the type of viruses that are the smallest
450 nm Correct Answers- largest viruses
Mimi viruses Correct Answers- what are the type of viruses that are the largest
capsids, nucleic acids, envelopes Correct Answers- viral components
protein-synthesizing Correct Answers- what kind of machinery to viruses lack that
cells have?
crystalline Correct Answers- the viral structure is composed of regular, repeating
subunits that give rise to this appearance
Capsid Correct Answers- Protein shell that surrounds the nucleic acid; Most
prominent feature of viruses; composed of capsomeres
nucleocapsid Correct Answers- the capsid together with the nucleic acid
nucleocapsid Correct Answers- what feature is the only thing that naked viruses
contain?
capsomeres Correct Answers- identical protein subunits that compose a capsid;
they spontaneously self-assemble into the finished capsid
Envelope Correct Answers- External covering of a nucleocapsid, usually a
modified piece of the host's cell membrane; Differs significantly from the host's
membranes (some or all of the regular membrane proteins are replaced with viral
proteins)
Spikes Correct Answers- Can be found on naked or enveloped viruses; project
from the nucleocapsid or the envelope; Allow viruses to dock with host cells
Virion Correct Answers- Fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in
a host cel [Show Less]