What are the Kubler-Ross stages of grief? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERdenial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Describe Lewin's change management
... [Show More] model - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERUnfreeze, change, refreeze
What changes are necessary for someone taking Coumadin (warfarin)? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERLow or moderate intake of green leafy vegetables, fish, liver or cauliflower. These foods are high in vitamin K and may decrease INR level
ARBs - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERExample: losartan(Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), olmesartan (Benicar). Used to lower BP. May cause hyperkalemia. Contraindicated: renal artery stenosis
What is the therapeutic range for digoxin therapy? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER0.8-2.0 ng/ml (greater than 2 is toxic)
What are S/S of hypertensive crisis? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERHeadache, vision changes, confusion, nose bleeds (epistaxis), chest/back/abd pain, dyspnea, urinary frequency or oliguria
Describe left sided heart failure - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERResults in fluid backing up into the lungs (pulmonary edema). S/S of pulmonary edema is pink, frothy sputum
Treatment for pulmonary edema - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERoxygen, bipap, lasix, morphine (vasodilates vessels), dobutamine (helps with cardiac output)
How is the progression of heart failure monitored? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on an echocardiogram
What is the max amount of time an order for restraint usage may be utilized? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER4 hours (adults)
S/S of a basilar skull fracture - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERBattle Signs: bruising behind ears, CSF leaking from nose (clear/colorless/+ for glucose), raccoon eyes
What is a serious complication of a basilar skull fracture? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER➤May lead to bacterial meningitis (antibiotics may be given prophylactically to prevent this)
What are the classic S/S of an epidural hematoma? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERPatient appears lucent and then presents with decreased LOC (Surgical Emergency)
What is an epidural hematoma? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERCollection of blood between the dura and the skull
Why should you avoid HYPOtonic solutions with brain injuries? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERThey cause fluid shifts and may increase cerebral edema (ex.: 1/2NS)
What type of solutions are okay to use with brain injuries? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERIsotonic (09%NS) is preferred, HYPERtonic is okay
Cushing's Triad - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERsevere hypertension, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, abdnormal respiration (s/s of increased intracranial pressure)
Cushing's triad indicates - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERIncreased intracranial pressure (brain herniation)
Risk factors for ischemic stroke - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERTobacco, ETOH, illicit drug use, obesity, African-Americans, Age (>55), family history, hx of A-fib/CHF/MI
Clinical findings of DKA - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERHyperglycemia (glucose >250), blood pH is acidotic (<7.30), Bicarb: <15, high ketones in the urine or blood (ketonuria/ketonemia)
S/S of DKA - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERlethargy, kussmauls (Deep/fast breathing, fruity breath), abdominal pain, N/V, postural hypotension
HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWEROccurs in type II diabetics, does not cause ketones, Hyperglycemia (>600). Results in Severe Dehydration. Pt has polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria)
What test is the best way to rule out organ rejection or hepatitis in a liver transplant? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERliver biopsy
What positive assessment finding would indicate cholecystitis? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERPositive Murphy's sign
What assessment finding is suggestive of paralytic ileus? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERabsent bowel sounds
Describe labs on someone who has DIC? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERLow platelets (<100,000), high PT/PTT (>15/>60-90) and high d-dimer (>2 mg/L)
What is the most important DIC medical intervention? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERStop the clotting -IV heparin
PCO2 normal ABG range - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERPCO2 = carbon dioxide, 35-45 mmHg
Respiratory Alkalosis causes - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERRespiratory distress (blowing off too much CO2), restrictive lung diseases, anxiety w/ excessive respiratory rate
What is asterixis? - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWERhand tremor, this is a classic sign of liver failure. Asterixis may resemble a bird flapping its wings (found in stage 1-3 hepatic encephalopathy) [Show Less]