Medical-Surgical B
1. 1.ID: 310947654
Which method elicits the most accurate information during a physical assessment of an older client?
o Ask the
... [Show More] client to recount one's health history.
o Obtain the client's information from a caregiver.
o Review the past medical record for medications.
o Use reliable assessment tools for older adults. Correct
Specific assessment tools (D) for an older adult, such as Older Adult Resource Services Center Instrument (OARS), mini-mental assessment, fall risk, depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), or skin breakdown risk (Braden Scale), consider age-related physiologic and psychosocial changes related to aging and provide the most accurate and complete information. (A and B) are subjective and may vary in reliability based on the client's memory and caregiver's current involvement. Although (C) is a good resource to identify polypharmacy, a written record may not be available or currently accurate.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2. 2.ID: 310972705
A client who has just tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying during post-test counseling. Which information should the nurse offer to facilitate the client's adjustment to HIV infection?
o Inform the client how to protect sexual and needle-sharing partners.
o Teach the client about the medications that are available for treatment.
o Identify the need to test others who have had risky contact with the client.
o Discuss retesting to verify the results, which will ensure continuing contact. Correct
Encouraging retesting (D) supports hope and gives the client time to cope with the diagnosis. Although post-test counseling should include education about (A, B, and C), retesting encourages the client to maintain medical follow-up and management.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.ID: 310955083
The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just before the end of inspiration in the right and left lower lobes when auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be recorded?
o Inspiratory wheezes in both lungs. Incorrect
o Crackles in the right and left lower lobes. Correct
o Abnormal lung sounds in the bases of both lungs.
o Pleural friction rub in the right and left lower lobes.
Fine crackles (B) are short, high-pitched sounds heard just before the end of inspiration that are the result of rapid equalization of pressure when collapsed alveoli or terminal bronchioles suddenly snap open. Wheezing (A) is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or musical sound caused by rapid vibration of bronchial walls that are first evident on expiration and may be audible. Although (C) describes an adventitious lung sound, this documentation is vague. (D) is a creaking or grating sound from roughened, inflamed surfaces of the pleura rubbing together heard during inspiration, expiration, and with no change during coughing.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3. 4.ID: 310946670
What assessment finding should the nurse identify that indicates a client with an acute asthma exacerbation is beginning to improve after treatment?
o Wheezing becomes louder. Correct
o Cough remains unproductive.
o Vesicular breath sounds decrease.
o Bronchodilators stimulate coughing. Incorrect
In an acute asthma attack, air flow may be so significantly restricted that wheezing is diminished. If the client is successfully responding to bronchodilators and respiratory treatments, wheezing becomes louder (A) as air flow increases in the airways. As the airways open and mucous is mobilized in response to treatment, the cough becomes more productive, not (B). Vesicular sounds are soft, low-pitched, gentle, rustling sounds heard over lung fields (C) and is not an indicator of improvement during asthma treatment.
Bronchodilators do not stimulate coughing (D). Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4. 5.ID: 310944528
The nurse is caring for a client with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who is receiving chemotherapy. Laboratory results reveal a platelet count of 10,000/ml. What action should the nurse implement?
o Encourage fluids to 3000 ml/day.
o Check stools for occult blood. Correct
o Provide oral hygiene every 2 hours.
o Check for fever every 4 hours.
Platelet counts less than 100,000/mm3 are indicative of thrombocytopenia, a common side effect of chemotherapy. A client with thrombocytopenia should be assessed frequently for occult bleeding in the emesis, sputum, feces (B), urine, nasogastric secretions, or wounds. (A) does not minimize the risk for bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia. (C) may cause increased bleeding in a client with thromobcytopenia.
(D) assesses for infection, not risk for bleeding. Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. [Show Less]