TEST 2 REVIEW Med Surg III Respiratory & Burns
ssessment of Respiratory Function- Chapter 21
Anatomic and Physiologic Overview o The respiratory system
... [Show More] is composed of the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
o Together, the two tracts are responsible for ventilation
o The upper respiratory tract (upper airway) warms and filters inspired air
so that the lower respiratory tracts (lungs) can accomplish gas exchange. o Gas exchange involves delivering oxygen to the tissues through the bloodstream and expelling waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, during expiration.
o The respiratory works together with the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system is responsible for ventilation and diffusion and the cardiovascular system is responsible for perfusion.
Respiratory Acidosis pH CO2 HCO3
Respiratory Alkalosis
pH CO2 HCO3
CNS (meds/trauma), airway
obstruction (COPD), aspiration, hypoventilating.
Hyperventilation, anxious, sepsis
Metabolic Alkalosis
pH CO2 HCO3
NG tube suctioning, vomiting, K+
Metabolic Acidosis
pH CO2 HCO3
Renal Failure, Dialysis, DKA, Uremia, Diarrhea, K+
Metabolic Acidosis
(HYPERKALEMIA) Kidney/Renal Failure o Dialysis o Diabetes o Diarrhea-loss bicarb o Peak Twaves
Metabolic Alkalosis
(HYPOKALEMIA) Vomiting- loss of HCL
o
o
o NG tube (suction of acid from stomach)
o U waves seen
o Hyperventilate –lose CO2 (acid)=Alkalosis- Increase HCO3 o
Hypo- keep CO2 (acid)=Acidosis- Decrease HCO3
Compensated means the body is trying to compensate for whatever is going wrong, PH in normal range but borderline.
Respiratory Acidosis o COPD
o Acute pulmonary edema
o ARDS
o Hypoventilating o CNS depression
Respiratory Alkalosis o Hyperventilating o Acid deficiency
Respiratory Acidosis Tx o Improve ventilation o Mechanical ventilation o Reversal of sedative o Antibiotics o Diuretics
Respiratory Alkalosis Tx o Sedative o Correct hypoxia o Antipyretics o Treat hyperthyroidism o Breath into paper bag
Metabolic Acidosis Tx o Give bicarb
o IV fluids or insulin for DKA o Dialysis o Increase CO o Treat <3
Metabolic Alkalosis o Give K
o Diamox, increase HCO3 secreation o Monitor neuro status
Anatomy of the Respiratory System Upper Respiratory tract
o Consist of the:
• Nose
• Sinuses
• Nasal passages
• Pharynx [Show Less]