Mechanical Ventilation complete solutions
The body's mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as which of the following?
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A. External respiration
B. Internal respiration
C. Spontaneous ventilation
D. Mechanical ventilation - C. Spontaneous ventilation
Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
A. Red blood cells and body cells
B. Scalenes and trapezius muscles
C. Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
D. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles - C. Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following? - The one that shows -5 cmH2O to -10 cmH2O
During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:_________
A. -1 cmH2o
B. +1 cmH2O
C. 0 cmH2O
D. 5 cmH2o - A. -1 cmH2O
The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the following? A. Transairway pressure
B. Transthoracic pressure
C. Transrespiratory pressure
D. Transpulmonary pressure - D. Transpulmonary pressure
Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (PAW) is 35 cmH2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cmH2O.
A. 7 cmH2O
B. 30 cmH2O
C. 40 cmH2O
D. 175 cmH2O - B. 30 cmH2O
The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?
A. Elastance
B. Compliance
C. Viscous resistance
D. Distending pressure - A. Elastance
Calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 mL for an intubated patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cm H2O.
A. 6 cmH2O
B. 26.7 cmH2O
C. 37.5 cmH2O
D. 41.5 cmH2O - B. 26.7 cmH2O
The condition that causes pulmonary compliance to increase is which of the following?
A. Asthma
B. Kyphoscoliosis
C. Emphysema
D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome - C. Emphysema
Calculate the effective static compliance (Cs) given the following information about a patient receiving mechanical ventilation: peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is 56 cm H2O, plateau pressure (Pplateau) is 40 cm H2O, exhaled tidal volume (VT) is 650 mL, and positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is 10 cm H2O.
A. 14.1 mL/cmH2O
B. 16.3 mL/cmH2O
C. 21.7 mL/cmH2O
D. 40.6 mL/cmH2O - C. 21.7 mL/cmH2O
Based upon the following patient information calculate the patient's static lung compliance: exhaled tidal volume (VT) is 675 mL, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is 28 cm H2O, plateau pressure (Pplateau) is 8 cm H2O, and PEEP is set at 5 cm H2O.
A. 0.02 L/cmH2O
B. 0.03 L/cmH2O
C. 0.22 L/cmH2O
D. 0.34 L/cmh2O - C. 0.22 L/cmH2O
A patient receiving mechanical ventilation has an exhaled tidal volume (VT) of 500 mL and a positive-end expiratory pressure setting (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O. Patient-ventilator system checks reveal the following data:
Time= 0600 - 0800 - 1000
PIP (cm H2O)= 27 - 29 - 36
Pplateau (cm H2O)= 15 - 15 - 13
The respiratory therapist should recommend which of the following for this patient?
1.Tracheobronchial suctioning
2.Increase in the set tidal volume
3.Beta adrenergic bronchodilator therapy
4.Increase positive end expiratory pressure
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 4
C. 1, 2, and 3
D. 2, 3, and 4 - A. 1 and 3
The values below pertain to a patient who is being mechanically ventilated with a measured exhaled tidal volume (VT ) of 700 mL.
Time= 0800 - 1000 - 1100 - 1130
PIP= 35 - 39 - 45 - 50
Plateau= 30 - 34 - 39 - 44
Analysis of this data points to which of the following conclusions?
A. Airway resistance is increasing
B. Airway resistance is decreasing
C. Lung compliance is increasing
D. Lung compliance is decreasing - D. Lung compliance is decreasing
The respiratory therapist should expect which of the following findings while ventilating a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
A. An elevated plateau pressure
B. A decreased elastic resistance
C. A low peak inspiratory pressure
D. A large transairway pressure gradient - A. An elevated plateau pressure
The formula used for the calculation of static compliance (CS) is which of the following?
A. (Peak pressure (PIP) - EEP)/tidal volume (VT) CS = (PIP-EEP)/VT
B. (Plateau pressure (Pplateau) - EEP/tidal volume (VT) CS = (Pplateau - EEP)/VT
C. Tidal volume/(plateau pressure - EEP) CS = VT/(Pplateau - EEP)
D. Tidal volume /(peak pressure (PIP) - plateau pressure (Pplateau )) CS = VT
/(PIP- Pplateau) - C. Tidal volume/(plateau pressure - EEP) CS = VT/(Pplateau - EEP)
Plateau pressure is measured during which phase of the ventilatory cycle?
A. Inspiration
B. End-inspiration
C. Expiration
D. End-expiration - B. End-inspiration
The condition that is associated with an increase in airway resistance is which of the following?
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Bronchospasm
C. Fibrosis
D. Ascited - B. Bronchospasm
An increase in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) without an increase in plateau pressure (Pplateau) is associated with which of the following?
A. Increase in static compliance
B. Decrease in static compliance
C. Increase in airway resistance
D. Decrease in airway resistance - C. Increase in airway resistance
The patient-ventilator data over the past few hours demonstrates an increased peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) with a constant transairway pressure (PTA). The respiratory therapist should conclude which of the following?
A. Static compliance has increased
B. Static compliance has decreased
C. Airway resistance has increased
D. Airway resistance has decreased - B. Static compliance has decreased
Calculate airway resistance (Raw ) for a ventilator patient, in cm H2O/L/sec, when the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is 50 cm H2O, the plateau pressure (Pplateau) is 15 cm H2O, and the set flow rate is 60 L/min.
A. 0.58 Raw
B. 1.2 Raw
C. 35 Raw
D. 50 Raw - C. 35 Raw
Calculate airway resistance (Raw) for a ventilator patient, in cm H2O/L/sec, with the following information: Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is 20 cm H2O, plateau pressure (Pplateau) is 15 cm H2O, PEEP is 5 cm H2O, and set flow rate is 50 L/min.
A. 5 Raw
B. 6 Raw
C. 10 Raw
D. 15 Raw - B. 6 Raw [Show Less]