Chapter 01: Foundations of Maternity, Women's Health, and Child Health Nursing
McKinney: Evolve Resources for Maternal-Child Nursing, 5th Edition
... [Show More] MULTIPLE CHOICE - ANSWER
1. Which factor significantly contributed to the shift from home births to hospital births in the
early 20th century?
a. Puerperal sepsis was identified as a risk factor in labor and delivery.
b. Forceps were developed to facilitate difficult births.
c. The importance of early parental-infant contact was identified.
d. Technologic developments became available to physicians. - ANSWER D
Technologic developments were available to physicians, not lay midwives. So in-hospital
births increased in order to take advantage of these advancements. Puerperal sepsis has been a
known problem for generations. In the late 19th century, Semmelweis discovered how it could
be prevented with improved hygienic practices. The development of forceps is an example of
a technology advance made in the early 20th century but is not the only reason birthplaces
moved. Unlike home births, early hospital births hindered bonding between parents and their
infants. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 1 OBJ: Integrated Process: Teaching-Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
2. Family-centered maternity care developed in response to
a. demands by physicians for family involvement in childbirth.
b. the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921.
c. parental requests that infants be allowed to remain with them rather than in a
nursery.
d. changes in pharmacologic management of labor. - ANSWER C
As research began to identify the benefits of early extended parent-infant contact, parents
began to insist that the infant remain with them. This gradually developed into the practice of
rooming-in and finally to family-centered maternity care. Family-centered care was a request
by parents, not physicians. The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 provided funds for
state-managed programs for mothers and children. The changes in pharmacologic
management of labor were not a factor in family-centered maternity care. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 2 OBJ: Integrated Process: Teaching-Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
3. Which setting for childbirth allows the least amount of parent-infant contact?
a. Labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum room
b. Birth center
c. Traditional hospital birth
d. Home birth - ANSWER C
In the traditional hospital setting, the mother may see the infant for only short feeding periods,
and the infant is cared for in a separate nursery. The labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum room
setting allows increased parent-infant contact. Birth centers are set up to allow an increase in
parent-infant contact. Home births allow an increase in parent-infant contact. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 2 OBJ: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. As a result of changes in health care delivery and funding, a current trend seen in the pediatric
setting is
a. increased hospitalization of children.
b. decreased number of children living in poverty.
c. an increase in ambulatory care.
d. decreased use of managed care. - ANSWER C
One effect of managed care has been that pediatric health care delivery has shifted
dramatically from the acute care setting to the ambulatory setting in order to provide more
cost-efficient care. The number of hospital beds being used has decreased as more care is
given in outpatient settings and in the home. The number of children living in poverty has
increased over the past decade. One of the biggest changes in health care has been the growth
of managed care. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
5. The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides
a. well-child examinations for infants and children living at the poverty level.
b. immunizations for high-risk infants and children.
c. screening for infants with developmental disorders.
d. supplemental food supplies to low-income pregnant or breastfeeding women. - ANSWER D
WIC is a federal program that provides supplemental food supplies to low-income women
who are pregnant or breastfeeding and to their children until age 5 years. Medicaid's Early
and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program provides for well-child
examinations and for treatment of any medical problems diagnosed during such checkups.
Children in the WIC program are often referred for immunizations, but that is not the primary
focus of the program. Public Law 99-457 is part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act that provides financial incentives to states to establish comprehensive early intervention
services for infants and toddlers with, or at risk for, developmental disabilities. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 8
OBJ: Integrated Process: Teaching-Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. In most states, adolescents who are not emancipated minors must have the permission of their
parents before
a. treatment for drug abuse.
b. treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
c. accessing birth control.
d. surgery. - ANSWER D
Minors are not considered capable of giving informed consent, so a surgical procedure would
require consent of the parent or guardian. Exceptions exist for obtaining treatment for drug
abuse or STDs or for getting birth control in most states. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 17 OBJ: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
7. The maternity nurse should have a clear understanding of the correct use of a clinical
pathway. One characteristic of clinical pathways is that they
a. are developed and implemented by nurses.
b. are used primarily in the pediatric setting.
c. set specific time lines for sequencing interventions.
d. are part of the nursing process. - ANSWER C
Clinical pathways are standardized, interdisciplinary plans of care devised for patients with a
particular health problem. They are used to identify patient outcomes, specify time lines to
achieve those outcomes, direct appropriate interventions and sequencing of interventions,
include interventions from a variety of disciplines, promote collaboration, and involve a
comprehensive approach to care. They are developed by multiple health care professionals
and reflect interdisciplinary care. They can be used in multiple settings and for patients
throughout the life span. They are not part of the nursing process but can be used in
conjunction with the nursing process to provide care to patients. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
8. The fastest growing group of homeless people is
a. men and women preparing for retirement.
b. migrant workers.
c. single women and their children.
d. intravenous (IV) substance abusers. - ANSWER C
Pregnancy and birth, especially for a teenager, are important contributing factors for becoming
homeless. People preparing for retirement, migrant workers, and IV substance abusers are not
among the fastest growing groups of homeless people. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 14 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
9. A nurse wishes to work to reduce infant mortality in the United States. Which activity would
this nurse most likely participate in?
a. Creating pamphlets in several different languages using an interpreter.
b. Assisting women to enroll in Medicaid by their third trimester.
c. Volunteering to provide prenatal care at community centers.
d. Working as an intake counselor at a women's shelter. - ANSWER C
Prenatal care is vital to reducing infant mortality and medical costs. This nurse would most
likely participate in community service providing prenatal care outreach activities in
community centers, particularly in low-income areas. Pamphlets in other languages, enrolling
in Medicaid, and working at a women's shelter all might impact infant mortality, but the
greatest effect would be from assisting women to get consistent prenatal care. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application/Applying
REF: p. 14 OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 10. The intrapartum woman sees no need for a routine admission fetal monitoring strip. If she
continues to refuse, what is the first action the nurse should take?
a. Consult the family of the woman.
b. Notify the provider of the situation.
c. Document the woman's refusal in the nurse's notes.
d. Make a referral to the hospital ethics committee. ANS: B
Patients must be allowed to make choices voluntarily without undue influence or coercion
from others. The physician, especially if unaware of the patient's decision, should be notified
immediately. Both professionals can work to ensure the mother understands the rationale for
the action and the possible consequences of refusal. The woman herself is the decision maker,
unless incapacitated. Documentation should occur but is not the first action. This situation
does not rise to the level of an ethical issue so there is no reason to call the ethics committee. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application/Applying
REF: p. 18 OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 11. Which statement is true regarding the "quality assurance" or "incident" report?
a. The report assures the legal department that no problem exists.
b. Reports are a permanent part of the patient's chart.
c. The nurse's notes should contain, "Incident report filed, and copy placed in chart."
d. This report is a form of documentation of an event that may result in legal action. ANS: D
An incident report is used when something occurs that might result in legal action, such as a
patient fall or medication error. It warns the legal department that there may be a problem in a
particular patient's care. Incident reports are not part of the patient's chart; thus the nurses'
notes should not contain any reference to them. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 18 OBJ: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 12. Elective abortion is considered an ethical issue because
a. abortion law is unclear about a woman's constitutional rights.
b. the Supreme Court ruled that life begins at conception.
c. a conflict exists between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus.
d. it requires third-party consent. ANS: C
Elective abortion is an ethical dilemma because two opposing courses of action are available.
The belief that induced abortion is a private choice is in conflict with the belief that elective
pregnancy termination is taking a life. Abortion laws are clear concerning a woman's
constitutional rights. The Supreme Court has not ruled on when life begins. Abortion does not
require third-party consent. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 11 OBJ: Integrated Process: Teaching-Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 13. Which woman would be most likely to seek prenatal care?
a. A 15-year-old who tells her friends, "I don't believe I'm pregnant."
b. A 20-year-old who is in her first pregnancy and has access to a free prenatal clinic.
c. A 28-year-old who is in her second pregnancy and abuses drugs and alcohol.
d. A 30-year-old who is in her fifth pregnancy and delivered her last infant at home. ANS: B
The patient who acknowledges the pregnancy early, has access to health care, and has no
reason to avoid health care is most likely to seek prenatal care. Being in denial about the
pregnancy increases the risk of not seeking care. This patient is also 15, and other social
factors may discourage her from seeking care as well. Women who abuse substances are less
likely to receive prenatal care. Some women see pregnancy and delivery as a natural
occurrence and do not seek health care. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding
REF: p. 14 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 14. A woman who delivered her baby 6 hours ago complains of headache and dizziness. The
nurse administers an analgesic but does not perform any assessments. The woman then has a
tonic-clonic seizure, falls out of bed, and fractures her femur. How would the actions of the
nurse be interpreted in relation to standards of care?
a. Negligent: the nurse failed to assess the woman for possible complications
b. Negligent: because the nurse medicated the woman
c. Not negligent: the woman had signed a waiver concerning the use of side rails
d. Not negligent: the woman did not inform the nurse of her symptoms as soon as
they occurred ANS: A
There are four elements to malpractice, which is negligence in the performance of
professional duties: duty, breach of duty, damage, and proximate cause. The nurse was
negligent because she or he did not perform any assessments, which is the first step of the
nursing process and is a standard of care. By not assessing the patient, the nurse did not meet
established standards of care, and thus is guilty of professional negligence, or malpractice. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 16 OBJ: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 15. Which patient situation fails to meet the first requirement of informed consent?
a. The patient does not understand the physician's explanations.
b. The physician gives the patient only a partial list of possible side effects and
complications.
c. The patient is confused and disoriented.
d. The patient signs a consent form because her husband tells her to. ANS: C
The first requirement of informed consent is that the patient must be competent to make
decisions about health care. Full disclosure of information is an important element of the
consent, but first the patient has to be competent to sign. Understanding is an important
element of the consent, but first the patient has to be competent to sign. Voluntary consent is
an important element of the consent, but first the patient has to be competent to sign. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 17 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 16. Which situation reflects a potential ethical dilemma for the nurse?
a. A nurse administers analgesics to a patient with cancer as often as the provider's
order allows.
b. A neonatal nurse provides nourishment and care to a newborn who has a defect
that is incompatible with life.
c. A labor nurse, whose religion opposes abortion, is asked to assist with an elective
abortion.
d. A postpartum nurse provides information about adoption to a new mother who
feels she cannot adequately care for her infant.
ANS: C
A dilemma exists in this situation because the nurse is being asked to assist with a procedure
that she or he believes is morally wrong. The other situations do not contain elements of
conflict for the nurse. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding
REF: p. 11 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 17. When planning a parenting class, the nurse should explain that the leading cause of death in
children 1 to 4 years of age in the United States is
a. premature birth.
b. congenital anomalies.
c. accidental death.
d. respiratory tract illness. ANS: C
Although the rates have dropped, unintentional injury (accidents) are still the leading cause of
death for children aged 1 to 19. The other options contribute to morbidity and mortality in
children but are not the leading cause. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 10 | Table 1.3 OBJ: Integrated Process: Teaching-Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 18. A nurse is floated to a different unit. The nurse does not know how to perform a treatment that
has been prescribed for one of his or her assigned patients. What should the nurse's first
action be?
a. Delay the treatment until another nurse can do it.
b. Make the child's parents aware of the situation.
c. Inform the nursing supervisor of the problem.
d. Arrange to have the child transferred to another unit. ANS: C
Nurses who work outside their usual areas of expertise must assess their own skills and avoid
performing tasks or taking on responsibilities in areas in which they are not competent. This
nurse should inform the supervisor of the situation. The nurse could endanger the child by
delaying the intervention until another nurse is available. Telling the child's parents would
most likely increase their anxiety and will not resolve the difficulty. Transfer to another unit
delays needed treatment and would create unnecessary disruption for the child and family. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application/Applying
REF: p. 19 OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 19. The mother of a 5-year-old female inpatient on the pediatric unit asks the nurse if she could
provide information regarding the recommended amount of television viewing time for her
daughter. The nurse responds that the appropriate amount of time a child should be watching
television is
a. 1 to 2 hours per day.
b. 2 to 3 hours per day.
c. 3 to 4 hours per day.
d. 4 hours or more. ANS: A
The American Academy of Pediatrics (2013) encourages parents to monitor their children's
media exposure and limit their children's screen time (TV, computer, video games) to no
more than 1 to 2 hours per day. The other options all contain more screen tim [Show Less]