What are some risk factors that can cause infertility in men and women?
Nutritional problems (EDs)
Endocrine disorders
Genetic disorders
Psychological
... [Show More] disorders
STIs
What are the phases in the model of the cycle of violence?
1. Tension building accompanied with rising sense of danger
2. Acute battering incident
3. Loving contrition/honeymoon phase
Most important thing for assessing a patient suspected of being abused?
interview and examine them alone
What are the TORCH infections?
Toxoplasmosis
Other (Hep A & B)
Rubella
CMV
Herpes
What are the maternal and fetal effects of the TORCH infections?
TORCH infections are capable of crossing the placenta and affect both the woman and the fetus.
They generally produce flu like symptoms in the mother but it's way more serious for el baberino
(Lowdermilk Pg 139)
What are the s/s of bacterial vaginosis?
Treatment?
S/S - discharge that is thin and grey with a fishy odor and an odor that increases after intercourse.
Medication often used is oral metronidazole
(Lowdermilk Pg 136)
What are the s/s of candidiasis?
Treatment?
S/S - discharge that is thick, white and lumpy that has a cottage cheese consistency. Red vulva that is swollen and itching.
Medications that are often used to treat it are OTCs micocanzole and coltrimazole
(Lowdermilk pg 137-138)
What are teratogens and when is the fetus most at risk?
Teratogens are substances that cause abnormal developments in the fetus, especially in the first trimester between the 3rd and 8th weeks.
(Lowdermilk pg 236 fig 12.8)
Tell me about the acronym GTPAL
G - number of pregnancies
T - number of pregnancies delivered at term (38-42 weeks)
P - number of preterm pregnancies delivered (20-37 weeks)
A - number of abortions either spontaneous or therapeutic
L - Number of living children
(OB abbreviations handout)
What does the acronym G/P mean?
It's the ratio of gravidity/parity
Gravidity = number of pregnancies
Parity = number of births carried past 20 weeks whether born alive or not
(OB abbreviations handout)
What are some integumentary changes that can happen when a woman is pregnant?
Melasma (aka chloasma or mask of pregnancy) - blotchy brownish hyperpigmentation of the skin over the cheeks, nose and forehead, especially in pregnant women with dark complexions
Linea nigra - pigmented line extending from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus in the midline
Striae gravidarum - stretch marks
Angiomatas - vascular spiders
Palmar erythema - blotches over the palmar surfaces
Pruritus gravidarum - itching that usually occurs over the abdomen
(Lowdermilk Pg 258)
Can I distinguish between presumptive, probable and positive signs of pregnancy?
No....
haaaa j/k
Presumptive - mom is telling you she's preggers (N/V, breast tenderness, missed period, quickening)
Probable - HCP thinks she's preggers (Chadwick's sign, positive pregnancy test, Hegar sign, ballottement)
Positive - The baby is formally announcing thy's presence in thine uterus (FHR, fetal movement, palpable, and ultrasound)
(Lowdermilk Pg 262)
What's the importance of fundal height?
Best used between what weeks of pregnancy?
It's the measurement of the height of the uterus above the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus. It's an indicator of fetal growth that provides a gross estimate of the duration of pregnancy and aids in identifying risk factors
From GW 18-30, the height of the fundus in centimeters is approximately the same as the number of weeks of gestation (+/- 2)
(Lowdermilk Pg 275)
Bladder full or empty when assessing fundal height?
Empty for the patient, but you probably should be too just to prevent UTIs.
A full bladder can mess with the measurement by up to 3 cm
(Lowdermilk pg 275)
What's the formula for Nagele's rule?
9 months + (imagine I'm whispering here) 7 days [Show Less]