Maternal and Pediatric AT
Natural family planning - ANS-abstinence
coitus interrupts (withdrawal)
calendar method
basal body temperature
Barrier
... [Show More] methods - ANS-male condom- protects against STIs and involves the male in
the birth control method
diaphragm and spermicide- be properly fitted with a diaphragm by a provider; replace
every 2 years and refit for a 20% weight fluctuation; can be inserted up to 6 hrs. before
intercourse and must stay in place 6 hrs. after intercourse but for no more than 24 hrs.;
reapply spermicide with each act of coitus
Combined oral contraceptives adverse effects - ANS-chest pain, SOB, leg pain for
possible clot, headache, eye problems from a stroke, and HTN, breakthrough bleeding,
fluid retention and breast tenderness
Combined oral contraceptives complications - ANS-women who have a history of
thromboembolic disorders, stroke, heart attack, CAD, uncontrolled HTN, smoking
Injectable progestins - ANS-is an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection given to a
female client every 11-13 weeks
Maintain an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D
Adverse effects- decrease in bone mineral density
intrauterine device (IUD) - ANS-report to provider abdominal pain or pain with
intercourse, abdominal or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, a change in string length
Can increase risk of PID, uterine perforation, or ectopic pregnancy
Transcervical sterilization - ANS-insertion of small flexible agents through the vagina
and the cervix into the Fallopian tubes. This results in the development of scar tissue in
the tubes
Transcervical sterilization advantages/disadvantages/risks - ANS-quick procedure
requires no general anesthesia
not intended for use in the client who is postpartum, delay in effectiveness for 3 months.
The client should use an alternative means of birth control until confirmation of blocked
Fallopian tube occurs
perforation can occur; increased risk of ectopic pregnancy if pregnancy occurs
Female sterilization - ANS-procedure of severance or burning or blocking the Fallopian
tubes to prevent fertilization
Carries a risk of complications, infection, hemorrhage, or trauma
Male sterilization (vasectomy) - ANS-cutting of the vas deferens in the male as a form of
permanent sterilization
Use alternate forms of birth control for approximately 20 ejaculations or 1 week to
several months to allow all of the sperm to clear the vas deferens. Follow up is
important for sperm count
Presumptive signs of pregnancy - ANS-amenorrhea, N/V, urinary frequency, breast
changes, quickening, abdominal enlargement
Probable signs of pregnancy - ANS-Hegar's sign- softening and compressibility of lower
uterus
Goodell's sign- softening of cervical tip
Chadwick's sign- deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa
Ballottement- rebound of unengaged fetus
Braxton-Hicks contractions- false contractions that are painless, irregular, and relieved
with walking
Positive pregnancy test
Positive signs of pregnancy - ANS-fetal heart sounds, visualization of the fetus, fetal
movement palpated by an experienced examiner.
Nagele's Rule - ANS-Take the first day of the client's last menstrual cycle, subtract 3
months, and then add 7 days and 1 year
Measurement of fundal height - ANS-in centimeters from the symphysis pubis to the top
of the uterine fundus (between 18 and 32 weeks of gestation) approximates the
gestational age
GTPAL system - ANS-G = gravidity (# of times pregnant)
T = term (38-42 weeks)
P = preterm birth (20-37 weeks)
A = abortion (< 20 weeks)
L = living children
Supine hypotensive syndrome - ANS-dizziness, lightheadness, and pale, clammy skin.
Encourage client to lie on the left side, in a semi-Fowler's position, or, if supine, with a
wedge placed under one hip to alleviate pressure to the vena cava [Show Less]