Maryville University - NURS 623 Exam 2. Questions And Answers. Latest 2021.Know what effects exercise and diet have on the body, on blood glucose, blood
... [Show More] pressure,
cholesterol
A patient with type 2 diabetes asks the clinician why she needs to
exercise. In order to answer her, the clinician must understand that
exercise has what effect on the patient with type 2 diabetes?
Know the frequency in which you would perform a foot exam on a DM patient
How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with
diabetes?
a. Once a year
b. Every 6 months
c. Every 3 months
d. Every visit
Know the diferenece in addsions, cushings and graves disease and s/s pts will exhibit,
and Understand the patho related to the disease process
Addisons:
-Need to ADD cortisol
o Inadequate amount of hormones produced by the adrenal glands
o Cortisol and sometimes aldosterone for this disease
o GI
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weight loss d/t loss of appetite
o Derm
Paleness or darkening of skin in places that causes the skin to have a patchy
appearance
o Other
Muscle weakness, fatigue, slow or sluggish movement, hypoglycemia, low blood
pressure, fainting, and salt craving
Cushings:
-Have a CUSHION of cortisol
Cushing’s Disease
o ACTH-Dependent:
a. Reduces postprandial blood
glucose
b. Reduces triglycerides and
increases high-density lipoprotein
(HDL)
c. Reduces total cholesterol
d. All of the above
o Related to excess ACTH caused by pituitary adenoma causes adrenal cortex to over
secrete cortisol
Cushing’s Syndrome
o ACTH-Independent
o Prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoid hormones
Most common cause: HD steroid > 2 weeks
o Tumors/dysplagia of the adrenal cortex
S/S:
o Progressive weight gain and fatty tissue deposit
Midsection/Upper back
Face (moon face)
Between shoulders (buffalo hump)
o Pink or purple stretch marks (Striae)
Abdomen
Thighs
Breasts
Arms
o Thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily
o Slow healing of cuts, Insect bites, acne, and infections
o Fatigue, muscle weakness or myopathy
o Depression/anxiety and irritability
o HTN
o Glucose intolerance that can lead to DM, HA, and bone loss
o Women reports more thick and visible facial hair (hirsutism) and period issues
Graves:
Excess secretion and synthesis of one or both:
o Thyroxine (T4)
o Triiodothyronine (T3)
Associated with autoimmune disease
o Pernicious anemia, MG, Type 1 DM
Presentation
o Diffuse thyroid enlargement, exophthalmos, nervousness, tachycardia, and heat
intolerance
o Thyroid scan reveals a large “hot” gland with heterogeneous uptake
Know the s/s of DM type one
The clinical presentation of type 1 DM includes all of the following except:
• Weight gain
• Ketosis
• Polydipsia
• Polyuria
Know the s/s of DM type 2
Which of the following are common signs of type 2 DM?
a. Anorexia
b. Recurrent yeast infection
c. Weight gain
d. Elevated HDL cholesterol
Know the most common cause for hyperthyroidism
Grave's disease is:
a. The most common cause of hypothyroidism
b. The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism
c. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism
d. The most common cause of adrenal insufficiency
Know the underlying cause for cushings disease
Which of the following conditions is caused by long-term exposure to high levels of
cortisol?
a. Addison's disease
b. Crohn's disease
c. Adrenal insufficiency
d. Cushing's syndrome [Show Less]