1. What factors will place the patient at risk for antibiotic resistance? - ANSWER-Excessive and inappropriate use of anti-infective agents, over use of
... [Show More] broad spectrum antibiotics or any antimicrobial agent, failure to complete the entire course of treatment, administration of antibiotics when pt has a viral infection, and fluroquinolones should be restricted to patients with community acquired pneumonia with comorbidites.
Increasing populations of immune-compromised patients. Increase in the number and complexity of invasive medical procedures. Increased survival of patients with chronic disease, multiple medical comorbidities. Daycare of young children. Overcrowding and travel. The leading cause is use of antibiotics age younger than 2 or older than 65 and excessive and inappropriate use of anti-infective agents.
2. What factors place the patient at risk for hypersensitivity reactions with penicillin's and cephalosporins? - ANSWER-Cross sensitivity due to the fact that each class contains a beta-lactam ring, the beta lactam ring also has a cross resistance, since its vulnerable to beta lactamase producing organisms, a patient has a risk of developing a reaction within 2-30 minutes after administration of the medication.
Hx of serious hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylaxis, serum sickness, exfoliative dermatitis, hemolysis or other blood dyscrasia) to PCN. Alsoallergic reaction to cephalosporin's, imipenem, or beta-lactamase inhibitors may contraindicate use of PCN.
3. What are the safest antibiotics to prescribe to a woman who is pregnant? - ANSWER-PCN is the safest drug to prescribe to pregnant women, augmentin in pregnant women for UTI's, sulfonamides and penicillinase resistant PCN's should be avoided in late pregnancy due to the displacement of billirubin from the plasma proteins of the newborn causing new born canictaris (sp?)
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, and PCN
4. What patient teaching will you provide to a patient who is experiencing non-infectious diarrhea related to antibiotic administration? - ANSWER-Increase fluids, consume plain yogurt, Donagel for second line therapy, and avoid anti-peristalsis agents that promote the retention of toxins.
If diarrhea is severe notify prescriber, for mild diarrhea use a absorbent anti-diarrheal one that contains Attapuligite (donnagel), avoid using antiperistaltic agents that can cause to retain toxins, if diarrhea contains blood pus or mucous call prescriber.
5. According to the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, what are the guidelines related to prophylactic antibiotics prior to a dental [Show Less]