General Marking Guidance
• All candidates must receive the same treatment Examiners must mark .
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
... [Show More] mark the last .
• Mark schemes should be applied positively Candidates must be rewarded .
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie .
• There is no ceiling on achievement All marks on the mark scheme should .
be used appropriately .
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded Examiners .
should always award full marks if deserved i e if the answer matches the , . .
mark scheme Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if .
the candidate s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark ’
scheme.
• Where some judgement is required mark schemes will provide the ,
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate s response the team leader must be consulted ’ , .
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response .
Social Psychology
Question
Number
Answer Mark
1 (a) AO1 (2 marks)
Up to two marks for a description of the sample of participants in Sherif
et al. (1954/1961)
For example:
• Sherif et al. (1954/1961) sampled boys who were aged 11 to 12-
years old and of a similar educational level. (1) The boys were
middle-class and from Protestant families who were considered
well-adjusted (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(2)
Question
Number
Answer Mark
1 (b) AO1 (2 marks)
Up to two marks for a description of one way that Sherif et al.
(1954/1961) attempted to reduce inter-group conflict.
For example:
• Sherif et al. (1954/1961) introduced superordinate goals that
required collaboration between the two groups of boys to
encourage group cohesion (1), such as cooperating to make an
improvement to a water tank and pump that provided water for
both groups (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(2)
Question
Number
Answer Mark
1 (c) AO1 (1 mark), AO3 (1 mark)
One mark for identification of a weakness in terms of reliability (AO1).
One mark for justification of the weakness (AO3).
For example:
• The study by Sherif et al. (1954/1961) was a field experiment at a
summer camp which meant that they could not control all
extraneous variables that may impact on the conflict between the
Rattlers and Eagles (1). This reduces the reliability of the findings
about negative attitudes towards an out-group as the study
cannot be fully replicated to check the results for consistency (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(2)
Question
Number
Answer Mark
2(a) AO2 (4 marks)
One mark for squaring the values of the gender prejudice scores minus
the mean (7.4) for each score, (𝒙 − 𝒙̅)²
2.62
, 0.62
, 1.62
, -3.42
, -1.42
One mark for calculating the sum of these values = 23.2
One mark for dividing this by 4 (n-1) = 5.8
One mark for calculating the square root = 2.4083189 / 2.41 to two
decimal places
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(4)
Question
Number
Answer Mark
2(b) AO2 (1 mark)
One mark for the range for the gender prejudice score.
For example:
• 6 (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(1)
Question
Number
Indicative Content Mark
3 AO1 (4 marks), AO3 (4 marks)
AO1
• Milgram’s agency theory suggests that most people are likely to
obey an authority figure and give up their free will.
• The process of moral strain is the point where individuals feel such
discomfort between their judgement and an order from an authority
figure that they shift to an agentic state to relieve the strain.
• An agentic state is when individuals become agents of the authority
figure and will obey without questioning what they are told to do.
• An autonomous state is when individuals maintain free will and
responsibility so dissent against the orders of an authority figure.
AO3
• Supporting evidence comes from Milgram’s (1963) study which
showed that 65% of his participants behaved agentically and
shocked the learner to 450 volts.
• Milgram’s agency theory does not consider individual differences in
personality therefore it is an incomplete explanation of what
influences a person to obey.
• Agency theory can be applied to explain the acts of genocide like the
Holocaust in which the soldiers behaved agentically and blindly
obeyed without question, killing millions of people.
• Charismatic leadership (House, 1976) suggests that the traits of the
leader are important in gaining obedience, so autonomy may be a
result of the authority figure lacking charisma rather than an
individual’s state.
Look for other reasonable marking points [Show Less]