The portion of the breast that is excluded during the performance of the CC projection is:
A. Medial
B. Anterior and central
C. Inferior
D. Posterior
... [Show More] and superior tissue
D. Posterior and superior tissue
The portion of the breast that is excluded during the performance of the MLO projection is:
A. Medial
B. Posterior and superior
C. Inferior
D. Anterior and central
A. Medial
Fibrous membranes that sheathe but support the lobes of the breast are:
A. Superficial fascia
B. Breast lobes
C. Support sheathes
D. Cooper's ligaments
D. Cooper's ligament
Ductal flow follows the radial pattern or architecture of the breast.
A. True
B. False
A. True
The dilated, accordion-pleated portion of the duct located close to the nipple is called the _________.
A. Sinus ampulla
B. Ductal dilation
C. Ampulla of Goins
D. Lactiferous sinus
D. Lactiferous sinus
What conditions affect the inward and/or outward appearance of the breast?
A. Weight gain or weight loss
B. Pregnancy
C. Use of HRT
D. All of the Above
D. All of the above
Select the four classifications of the breast tissue composition that describes the ratio of fatty tissue to glandular tissue.
A. Fat-replaced, partially fat/partially glandular, half fat/half glandular, glandular
B. Fatty, fibrofatty, fibroglandular, glandular
C. Adipose, adipose-fatty, adipose-glandular, glandular
D. Adipose-replaced, partially adipose/partially glandular, half adipose/half glandular, glandular
B. Fatty, fibrofatty, fibroglandular, glandular
Breast cancer arises predominately in the epithelial cell layer. Ductal carcinoma arises in the _______ terminal duct, whereas lobular carcinoma arises in the interlobular terminal duct.
A. Extralobular
B. Infralobular
C. Exolobular
D. Supralobular
A. Extralobular
Genetic breast cancer is responsible for ___________ of all cases; sporadic breast cancer is responsible for _________.
A. 60%; 40%
B. 50%; 50%
C. 90% to 95%; 5% to 10%
D. 5% to 10%; 90% to 95%
D. 5% to 10%; 90% to 95%
The three phases for development of cancer are initiation, promotion, and ____________.
A. Execution
B. Progression
C. Projection
D. Promulgation
B. Progression
There is only one type of breast cancer.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Males infrequently develop breast cancer; however, a benign breast condition known as __________ is quite common.
A. Mastodinia
B. Mastitis
C. Papillomatosis
D. Gynecomastia
D. Gynecomastia
The CC and MLO projections are __________ in their ability to capture as much breast tissue as possible for the routine mammography examination.
A. Exemplary
B. Similar
C. Complementary
D. All of the above
C. Complementary
What maneuvers help to maximize the amount of breast tissue included on a CC view?
A. The patient needs to relax.
B. The technologist should perform the lateral pull maneuver.
C. The technologist should "dislocate" the breast from the chest wall.
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What maneuvers help to maximize the amount of breast tissue included on an MLO view?
A. Customize the C-arm degree of angulation for each patient.
B. The patient's hips, pelvis, and toes should all squarely face the mammography machine.
C. The height of the IRSD should be at the relaxed level of the axilla.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
What feature does the posterior nipple line (PNL) rule evaluate?
A. If the breast structures sag
B. If the nipple is exaggerated on the images
C. If the length of the pectoral muscle on the MLO is acceptable
D. If adequate tissue is included on the CC image
D. If adequate tissue is included on the CC image
How can a technologist make a mammogram a cooperative partnership?
A. Give the patient control
B. Provide exam purpose and clear instructions
C. Listen to the patient
D.All of the above
D.All of the above
When bodily fluids come in contact with the surface of the mammography machine, ___________ of the machine is required. This differs from the routine cleaning between patients.
A. Sterilization
B. Autoclaving
C. Biohazard disinfection
D. Infection control
D. Infection control
Which is not a reason why the Lateral projection is the most common additional view obtained.
A. To visualize more posterior tissue
B. Triangulation
C. To prove/disprove milk of calcium
D. To prove/disprove weather a lesion is real versus superimposition of tissue
A. To visualize more posterior tissue
If a lesion is located at 2 o'clock in the right breast, which lateral projection would be done?
A. LM
B. ML
A. LM
Which of the following is not a benefit from using the 7.5-cm spot compassion device with the spot compression technique.
A. To cause increased discomfort to the patient.
B. To confirm the presence of a lesion (Is the lesion "real").
C. To capture and secure difficult to reach tissue.
D. To reduce breast thickness, thus increasing resolution.
A. To cause increased discomfort to the patient.
What determines the direction of a rolled view: RM versus RL versus RS versus RI?
A. All of the above
B. The movement of the breast that comes into contact with the compression device.
C. The direction the nipple moves
D. The area in the breast where ROI is located determines the rolled direction.
B. The movement of the breast that comes into contact with the compression device.
An XCCL is necessary additional view to add to a routine screening exam when ____________.
A. Imaging a patient with a small breast
B. Posterolateral tissue is excluded from both the CC and MLO projections
C. the nipple is exaggerated medially on the CC
D. It is the patient's baseline exam
B. Posterolateral tissue is excluded from both the CC and MLO projections
Which is not a disability that requires the technologist to provide special assistance to the patient during the mammography examination.
A. Psychological conditions
B. Physical conditions
C. Emotional conditions
D. Environmental conditions
D. Environmental conditions
When imaging patients who require special assistance during the exam, or who require additional images to complete the exam, it is not necessary for the technologist to relay this information to the radiologist.
A. True
B. False
B. False
A patient presents with a lumpectomy scar and informs the technologist that her breast is sensitive from the radiation therapy treatments. Which of the following is not appropriate for the technologist to do?
A. No concessions need to be made when imaging this patient.
B. Gentle positioning and compression of the BCT breast
C. Inform the patient that additional images may be necessary
D. Provide the results to the patient as quickly as possible
A. No concessions need to be made when imaging this patient.
Imaging a patient with a protruding abdomen provides challenges, especially in capturing the _____________ tissue.
A. Inferoposterior
B. Superomedial
C. Superior
D. Lateral
A. Inferoposterior
Which clock times are the same in each breast?
A. 10 and 2
B. 5 and 7
C. 12 and 6
D. 3 and 9
C. 12 and 6
To avoid any possibility of confusion, the location of an ROI should be described by:
A. Which breast (right or left)
B. The quadrant
C. The clock time
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Learning to think three-dimensionally helps the technologist in the performance of diagnostic, problem-solving positioning. Which are advantages of "thinking in 3D"?
A. Determine an optimal projection to view a lesion
B. Determine the location of a lesion in order to position the patient for a special view
C. Perform supplementary and special views with accuracy
D. Determine the location of a lesion in order to perform a stereotactic core biopsy procedure
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Standardized imaging protocols lead to efficiencies within the mammography department. Which is not a component that facilitates standardization?
A. Each radiologist has a different preference for the problemm-solving protocol
B. Become familiar with patterns of pathology, both clinically and mammographically
C. Become comfortable viewing images as well as knowing which areas of the breast are best visualized on an image
D. Be familiar with the concept of triangulation in order to localize an ROI to the correct area in the breast.
A. Each radiologist has a different preference for the problemm-solving protocol
Standardized protocols vary depending on whether a screening or a diagnostic exam was done and depending upon the clinical findings the patient presents with.
A. True
B. False
A. true
Ultrasound is the most often used ancillary modality to the mammogram. Which is not an indication for US?
A. To evaluate the cellular activity inside a cyst.
B. To assess a solid versus cystic component of a lesion.
C. To measure the size of the lesion.
D. To assess the border margins of the lesion.
A. To evaluate the cellular activity inside a cyst.
Which of the following is a not criteria the radiologist uses to evaluate calcifications?
A. Number
B. Morphology
C. Distribution
D. Stability versus change over time
D. Stability versus change over time
Which of the following is not associated with greater suspicion with the nipple discharge?
A. Spontaneous
B. Clear or bloody in color
C. Unilateral
D. Multiple ducts involved
D. Multiple ducts involved
DBT finds ___________ more cancers than analog or 2D FFDM.
A. 40%
B. 30%
C. 20%
D. 10%
B. 30%
DBT is a __________ tool and a __________ device and is also used to perform ______________.
A. Investigational; FDA approved; screening exams
B. Diagnostic; medical; IRB studies
C. Screening; diagnostic; interventional procedures
D. Expensive; costly; mammograms
C. Screening; diagnostic; interventional procedures
When a 2D and a 3D exposure are taken with the patient under the same compression, this is known as the _____________.
A. Combo mode
B. Dual mode
C. Double exposure
D. Dual exposure
A. Combo mode
The combo-mode results in the patient receiving twice the x-ray dose because they have two mammograms (2D and 3D) done. To reduce the dose and make it comparable with that of a 2D exam, the DBT machine manufacturers created the _________ view.
A. Orthogonal
B. Combo-mode
C. Synthetic
D. Anisotropic
C. Synthetic
The most desirable orientation for introducing the wire localization needle is ____________ to the body.
A. Parallel
B. Antiradial
C. Perpendicular
D. At right angles
A. Parallel
A stiffer wire or trocar is usually more helpful to the surgeon because:
A. The interior tip is easy to locate
B. When surgeon moves the outer tip back and forth, and can feel the inner tip of the wire moving and can locate the lesion
C. An incision that is closer to the inner tip, leaves a smaller scar
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
When is it appropriate to not x-ray a breast specimen?
A. Always ; if the wire loc needle is in the specimen, there is no need to image the specimen.
B. Never; the specimen should always be imaged.
C. Always image the specimen if a mass is present; if a lesion with calcifications, no need to image.
D. Always image the specimen if calcifications are present; if a mass lesion, no need to image.
B. Never; the specimen should always be imaged [Show Less]