Devices and gateways play a crucial role in M2M (Machine-to-Machine) and IoT (Internet of Things) systems.
Devices:
A device is a hardware unit that
... [Show More] can sense aspects of its environment and perform tasks in its environment.
It is characterized by properties such as microcontroller, power source, sensors and actuators, communication capabilities, operating system, applications, user interface, device management, and execution environment.
Basic devices provide basic services like sensor readings and actuation tasks, requiring a gateway for WAN (Wide Area Network) communication.
Advanced devices host application logic, have WAN connectivity, device management capabilities, and execution environments.
1.1 Device Types:
Basic Devices: They provide basic services and require a gateway for WAN connectivity.
Advanced Devices: They have advanced features like application logic, WAN connectivity, device management, and execution environments.
1.2 Deployment Scenarios for Devices:
Basic devices can be deployed in scenarios like home alarms, smart meters, building automation systems, and standalone smart thermostats.
Advanced devices can be used in onboard units in cars, robots, video cameras, oil well monitoring, and connected printers.
1.3 Gateways:
Gateways act as translators between different protocols and enable communication between devices and the wider network.
They can perform data management functions like sensor readings, caching, filtering, aggregation, and transmission to back-end servers.
Gateways can host local applications, handle device management tasks, and provide an execution environment for applications.
1.3.1 Data Management:
Gateways handle data management tasks such as sensor readings, caching, filtering, and aggregation before transmitting the data to back-end servers.
1.3.2 Local Applications:
Gateways can host local applications such as closed loops, home alarm logic, ventilation control, or data management functions.
Hosting these applications on the gateway ensures continuous operation even in case of WAN connection failure.
1.3.3 Device Management:
Device management is an essential part of IoT and involves tasks like provisioning, device configuration, software upgrades, and fault management.
Gateways act as mediators between the server and devices, forwarding messages, acting as proxies, or translating between different DM protocols.
1.3.4 Advanced Devices:
Advanced devices have more powerful CPUs or microcontrollers, advanced user interfaces, high-bandwidth functions, and capabilities for remote monitoring and configuration.
1.3.5 Summary and Vision:
Security is crucial for devices, including physical security and software/network security.
IoT advancements include battery-powered devices, energy harvesting, smart bandwidth management, multicore processors, novel software architectures, and automated integrated circuit design.
Local and Wide Area Networking:
2.1 The Need for Networking:
Networks are formed when computing devices exchange data or information.
Devices communicate over links using wired or wireless physical media.
Networking enables data exchange, and different physical media have technical and economic considerations.
2.2 Wide Area Networking:
WANs bridge the M2M Device Domain to the backhaul network, enabling communication between service enablement and physical devices.
M2M gateway devices act as proxies, integrating multiple communication interfaces and computational capabilities.
WAN functions include establishing connectivity, identity management, authentication, authorization, accounting, and directory services.
2.2.1 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technologies and Machine Type Communications:
MTC (Machine Type Communications) refers to small data communication between machines without human intervention.
MTC is used interchangeably with M2M communication in the 3GPP, which encompasses all M2M communication.
2.3 Local Area Networking:
Capillary networks are autonomous systems of M2M devices deployed in controlled environments.
They collect sensor measurements. [Show Less]