phological processing - ANSWER-Multiple functions of speech and language perception and production such as perceiving, interpreting, storing (remembering)
... [Show More] recalling or retrieving, and generating the speech sound system of a language
phonological awareness - ANSWER-Conscious awareness of all level of the speech sound system, including word boundaries, stress patterns, onset rime units, and phonemes
phoneme - ANSWER-The smallest unit of sound in any language used to build words
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER-The conscious awareness of the individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds
Phonology - ANSWER-The rule system in a language by which phonemes can be sequenced, combined, and pronounced to make words
Phonetics - ANSWER-The study of sounds of human speech: articulatory phonetics refers to the way the sounds are physically produced in the human vocal tract
Phonology and orthographic processing system - ANSWER-If a spoken word is heard and retained in phonological memory, it can be recognized more easily in print
Meaning, orthographic, and phonological processing system - ANSWER-If the meaning of a word is known and has been seen in print, it is easier to play with its phonemes
Phonological and meaning processing system - ANSWER-If the sound and syllables in a word have been analyzed, its meaning can be more easily stored in semantic lexicon
Phonological and Orthographic processing system - ANSWER-If the sounds in spoken words can be analyzed and manipulated, the printed words will be easier to remember for reading and spelling
To support fluent processing of text - ANSWER-All parts of the reading brain must work together with fluency and synchrony to support fluent processing text
phonological processing - ANSWER-1. speech perception and production
2. Phonological working memory
3. rapid automatic naming
4. Phonological and phonemic awareness
coarticulation - ANSWER-Occurs when phonemes are spoken together to produce syllables or words and the features of these phonemes are affected by the speech sounds that preceded or followed them
phonological working memory - ANSWER-The online memory system that remembers speech long enough to extract meaning from it, or that holds onto words during writing; a function of the phonological processing system
RAN rapid automatic naming - ANSWER-The ability to quickly name a series or printed, repeated numbers, letters, or objects that should be known by rote
Double deficient - ANSWER-When students are poor on both types of test (ran) rapid automatic naming and phonemic awareness task they are said to have double deficient
Onset and Rime - ANSWER-The natural division of a syllable into two parts; the onset comes before the vowel and the rime includes the vowel and what follows after it
Word - ANSWER-A word has a consistent pronunciation, a consistent referent (meaning), and a place within sentence structure
syllable - ANSWER-A syllable is a unit of speech that is organized around a vowel sound
Alliteration - ANSWER-The repetition of initial sounds in two or more words or syllables
Onset and rime - ANSWER-Every syllable has two parts. The onset is the sounds that come before the vowel: The rime is the vowel plus the consonant(s) that follow.
phoneme Levels - ANSWER-Phoneme counting
Phoneme blending
Phoneme segmentation
Phoneme Deletion
Phoneme Substitution
Phoneme Reversal
False - ANSWER-A student with general phonological awareness can learn to read fluently, even if the student has not yet developed awareness of speech sounds at the phoneme level.
True - ANSWER-If a student analyzes the sounds and syllables in a word, it is easier for the student to store the word in semantic memory.
Select the one that targets phonological awareness only, without attempting to address other language skills.B - ANSWER-* a. Ms. Jones says a word, has students repeat it, and then asks students when or where they have heard it before and what they think it means.
*b. Ms. Chang says a word and has students repeat it, clap for each syllable, and count the syllables.
*c. Mr. Garcia has students look at a word, identify the letters used to spell it, and sound out the word to read it aloud.
*d. Mrs. Moretti says a word, has students segment the sounds and blend them to say the word again, and asks students to use the word in a sentence.
Which of these skills should not be a direct focus of classroom instruction? (Select all that apply.) A,C - ANSWER-* a. phonological working memory (PWM)
* b. phonics
* c. rapid automatic naming (RAN)
* d. speech production
The term coarticulation means the ability to: D - ANSWER-* a. perceive all of the individual phonemes in a word during listening.
* b. associate phonemes with the letters or letter groups (graphemes) that represent each sound.
* c. "match" the sound of a spoken word to the corresponding definition in one's mental lexicon.
* d. say the phonemes within a syllable so that all of the segments are seamlessly joined. [Show Less]