Physics 1................................................................... 23
Important Units
... [Show More] .......................................................... 23
Prefixes ................................................................. 23
Trigonometry ............................................................. 23
Vectors and Scalars ...................................................... 24
Translational Motion ..................................................... 24
Constant Acceleration Cases ............................................ 25
Forces ................................................................... 26
Newton’s Laws .......................................................... 26
Weight ................................................................. 26
Normal Force ........................................................... 26
Friction ............................................................... 27
Gravitational Force .................................................... 27
Centripetal Force ...................................................... 27
Equilibrium .............................................................. 27
Energy, Work, Power, and Momentum ........................................ 28
Energy ................................................................. 28
Temperature ............................................................ 28
Heat ................................................................... 28
Work ..................................................................... 29
Pressure ............................................................... 29
Conservation of Energy (and Work) ...................................... 29
Thermodynamics ......................................................... 30
Power .................................................................. 30
Momentum ............................................................... 30
Light and Optics ......................................................... 31
Electromagnetic Radiation .............................................. 31
Reflection (Mirrors) ................................................... 31
Refraction (Lenses) .................................................... 33
General Chemistry 1......................................................... 39
Atomic Structure ......................................................... 39
Bohr Model ............................................................... 39
Quantum Numbers .......................................................... 39
Magnetism ................................................................ 40
Periodic Table ........................................................... 40
Bonding and Interactions ................................................. 41
Lewis Structures ....................................................... 41
Formal Charge .......................................................... 41
Resonance .............................................................. 41
Ionic Bonds ............................................................ 41
Covalent Bonds ......................................................... 41
Intermolecular Forces .................................................. 42
Geometry of Covalent Molecules ........................................... 43
Compounds and Stoichiometry .............................................. 44
Percent Composition .................................................... 44
Percent Yield .......................................................... 44
Limiting Reagent ....................................................... 44
Reaction Types ......................................................... 44
Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium ........................................ 45
Kinetics ............................................................... 45
Reaction Order ......................................................... 46
Reaction Theory ........................................................ 46
Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction ..................................... 47
Equilibrium Constant (Keq) Points ....................................... 47
LeChatelier’s Principle .................................................. 47
Organic Chemistry 1......................................................... 51
Isomerism and Stereochemistry ............................................ 51
Bonding .................................................................. 52
Cycloalkanes ............................................................. 53
Alkanes .................................................................. 53
Substitutions ............................................................ 54
SN1 Reactions .......................................................... 55
SN2 Reactions .......................................................... 55
Alkenes .................................................................. 56
Eliminations ............................................................. 58
E1 Reactions ........................................................... 58
E2 Reactions ........................................................... 58
Alkynes .................................................................. 59
Aromatics ................................................................ 60
Alcohols ................................................................. 61
Ethers ................................................................... 62
Biology 1................................................................... 67
Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes ................................................ 67
Cell Membrane ............................................................ 67
Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell ......................................... 67
Movement across a Membrane ............................................. 68
Viruses .................................................................. 68
Genetic Variation in Bacteria ............................................ 69
Molecular Genetics ....................................................... 69
DNA Replication ........................................................ 70
RNA .................................................................... 71
Transcription .......................................................... 71
Translation ............................................................ 72
Mutations .............................................................. 73
Enzymes .................................................................. 73
Enzyme Kinetics ........................................................ 74
Enzyme Regulation ...................................................... 75
Metabolism ............................................................... 75
Glycolysis ............................................................... 77
Reproduction ............................................................. 78
Asexual Reproduction ................................................... 79
Sexual Reproduction .................................................... 79
Gametogenesis .......................................................... 81
Embryology ............................................................... 82
Fetal Circulation ........................................................ 83
Physics 2................................................................... 87
Electrostatics ........................................................... 87
Coulomb’s Law .......................................................... 87
Electric Field ......................................................... 87
Electric Potential ..................................................... 87
Electric PE ............................................................ 88
Electric Dipoles ....................................................... 88
Electromagnetism ......................................................... 88
Conventions for Magnetic Field Direction ............................... 88
Current .................................................................. 89
Special Case: Wires with Current ...................................... 89
Three types of Magnetism ................................................. 89
Wires with Current that Generate Magnetic Fields ......................... 89
Straight Wires ......................................................... 89
Circular Wires ......................................................... 90
Resistors and Capacitors ................................................. 90
Ohm’s Law .............................................................. 90
Power in Resistors ..................................................... 90
Kirchoff’s Laws ........................................................ 90
Resistors .............................................................. 91
Capacitors ............................................................. 91
Alternating Current ...................................................... 92
Waves .................................................................... 93
Standing Waves: Strings vs Pipes ...................................... 93
Resonance ................................................................ 94
Sound .................................................................... 94
Doppler Effect ......................................................... 95
Simple Harmonic Motion ................................................... 95
Hooke’s Law and Springs ................................................ 95
Pendulum ............................................................... 95
Nuclear Physics .......................................................... 96
Radiation .............................................................. 96
Photoelectric Effect ................................................... 96
Nuclear Reactions and Decay ............................................ 96
Radioactive Decay Modes ................................................ 96
General Chemistry 2........................................................ 101
Thermochemistry ......................................................... 101
State Functions ......................................................... 101
Enthalpy .............................................................. 102
Entropy ............................................................... 103
Gibbs Free Energy ..................................................... 103
The Gas Phase ........................................................... 104
Boyle’s Law ........................................................... 104
Charles’ Law .......................................................... 104
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases ..................................... 106
Solutions ............................................................... 107
Units of Concentration ................................................ 107
Dilutions ............................................................. 108
Solution Chemistry .................................................... 108
Common Ion Effect ..................................................... 109
Selective Precipitation ............................................... 109
Aqueous Solubility .................................................... 109
Acids and Bases ......................................................... 110
Acid and Base Types ................................................... 110
Strong Acids and Bases ................................................ 110
Weak Acids and Bases .................................................. 110
Neutralization Reactions .............................................. 111
Titrations ............................................................ 111
Electrochemistry ........................................................ 112
Balancing Redox Reactions ............................................. 112
Galvanic Cells ........................................................ 112
Electrolytic Cell ..................................................... 113
Useful Electrolytic Cell Equations .................................... 113
Reduction Potential ................................................... 114
Thermodynamics ........................................................ 114
Biology 2.................................................................. 119
Nervous System .......................................................... 119
Musculoskeletal System .................................................. 123
Cartilage ............................................................. 123
Bone .................................................................. 123
Skeletal Muscle ....................................................... 123
Cardiac Muscle ........................................................ 123
Smooth Muscle ......................................................... 123
Circulation ............................................................. 124
Blood Content ......................................................... 125
Bohr Effect ........................................................... 126
Clotting .............................................................. 127
Humoral Immunity ...................................................... 128
Cell Mediated Immunity ................................................ 129
Respiration ............................................................. 129
Kidney and Liver ........................................................ 130
Endocrine System ........................................................ 131
Organic Chemistry 2........................................................ 139
Separation and Identification ........................................... 139
Key Separation Techniques ............................................. 139
Key Identification Techniques ......................................... 140
Aldehydes and Ketones ................................................... 142
Carboxylic Acids ........................................................ 144
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives ............................................. 145
Amides ................................................................ 146
Esters ................................................................ 146
Acyl Halides .......................................................... 147
Anhydrides ............................................................ 148
Amines, Amino Acids, and Proteins ....................................... 148
Amines ................................................................ 148
Amino Acids ........................................................... 149
Peptides .............................................................. 150
Proteins ................................................................ 151
Carbohydrates ........................................................... 151
Biology 3.................................................................. 157
Digestion ............................................................... 157
Genetics ................................................................ 160
Mendel’s First Law: Law of Segregation ................................ 160
Mendel’s Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment .................... 160
Inheritance Theory .................................................... 161
Evolutionary Genetics ................................................. 163
Chemistry and Physics 3.................................................... 169
Phases .................................................................. 169
Colligative Properties .................................................. 169
Fluids and Solids ....................................................... 169
Hydrostatics ............................................................ 170
Pascal’s Principle .................................................... 170
Archimedes’ Principle ................................................. 170
Hydrodynamics ........................................................... 170
Continuity Equation ................................................... 170
Bernoulli’s Equation .................................................. 170
Fluid Flow ............................................................ 171
Elastic Moduli for Solids ............................................... 171
Behavioral Sciences........................................................ 174
Learning ................................................................ 174
Memory .................................................................. 174
Cognition ............................................................... 175
Sleep ................................................................... 175
Drugs and Consciousness ................................................. 175
Language ................................................................ 176
Identity Formation ...................................................... 176
Mental Illness .......................................................... 177
Personality Disorders ................................................... 178
Nervous System Disorders ................................................ 178
Epidemiology and Disparities in Health .................................. 178
Approach to Behavioral Sciences ......................................... 178
Math Review................................................................ 181
Numbers ................................................................. 181
Order of Operations ..................................................... 181
Basic Mathematical Laws ................................................. 181
Scientific Notation ..................................................... 181
Exponents ............................................................... 182
Logarithms .............................................................. 182
Radicals ................................................................ 182
Algebra ................................................................. 182
Linear Equations ...................................................... 183
Quadratic Equations ................................................... 183
Simultaneous Equations .................................................. 183
Cartesian Systems ....................................................... 184
Lines ................................................................... 184
Inequalities ............................................................ 184
Absolute Value .......................................................... 185
Probability ............................................................. 186
Counting ................................................................ 186
Statistics .............................................................. 187
Experimental Design........................................................ 188
Scientific Method ....................................................... 188
Hypothesis Testing ...................................................... 188
FINER Method ............................................................ 188
Important Research Terms ................................................ 188
Data Representation ..................................................... 188 [Show Less]