LCSW TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 1
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Erikson stage 1- Oral sensory
Definition:
- birth to 1 year, trust versus mistrust, (feeding and
... [Show More] weaning), hope
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Erikson stage 2- Muscular Anal Stage
Definition:
1-3 years, autonomy versus doubt, toilet training, willpower
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Erikson stage 3- Locomotor stage
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3-6 years, initiative versus inadequacy or guilt, independence, purpose
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Erikson stage 4- Latency stage
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6-12 years, industry versus inferiority, (school years), competence
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Erikson stage 5- Adolescence
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12-18 years, identity versus confusion, how do we fit in, peer relationships, fidelity
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Erikson stage 6- Young adulthood
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18-40 years, intimacy versus isolation, love relationships, love
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Erikson stage 7- Middle adulthood
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40-65 years, generativity versus stagnation, passing the baton, caring
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Erikson stage 8- Maturity
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65 years-death, integrity versus despair, meaning in life, accepting our own life, wisdom
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Erikson saw as important in how we developed in life
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Conscious Ego (considered ego-centric theorist)
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Kohlberg's question
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Do children go through stages in their moral sense (in deciding right from wrong)?
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Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral development stage 1 obedience and punishment
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Preconventional, children thought of themselves as separate from society at large. Realize there is authority outside of yourself, rules.
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Kohlberg stages of moral development conventional
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Saw themselves as members of society
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Kohlberg's post-conventional
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Individuals responding to society with a universal
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Kohlberg, Preconventional, individualism and exchange stage. Stage 2
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Instrumental relativist, Based on what's in it for me. Exchange is based on am I getting a fair shake.
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Kohlberg stage 3 (conventional) stage of good interpersonal relationships
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Based on expectations. Social relationships important. Recognizes rules.
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Kohlberg stage 4 (conventional) maintaining of social order
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See myself as a part of the wider group. Responsibility that society should function as it should. Still about laws and authority but based on feeling like a part of society. Accepts and abides by rules.
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Kohlberg stage 5 (post-conventional) social contract and individual rights
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See society at large and the implied contract with society. Punishment where appropriate but mitigating circumstances considered.
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Kohlberg stage 6 (post conventional) stage of universal principals
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Concrete good beyond that of society. Recognizes the flaws in society. A law might me broken to fulfill a higher moral principle.
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Kohlberg's belief
Definition:
Moral development stages were applicable across cultures and gender lines. Stages cannot be skipped.
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Narrative Therapy
Definition:
What if you could change the details of the story? Re-author. Michael White and David Epstein. Helps people envision a different future for themselves and change the way they look at life. Change the plot, change the end of the story.
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Assimilation
Definition:
The process of adding new material or information to an existing schema
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Accommodation
Definition:
The process of altering or revising an existing schema in light of new information
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Two sides of Adaptation
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Assimilation and accommodation- help balance the structure of the mind with the environment - Piaget
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When accommodation and assimilation reach a congruency
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Ideal state Piaget calls equilibrium. Helps balance the structure of the mind with the environment.
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Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development
Definition:
Sensory motor, pre operational, concrete operations, formal operational
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Piaget's Sensory Motor stage
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Birth-2 years, senses and motor abilities to understand the world. Child becomes aware of cause and effect relationship. Child capable of crudely imitating the actions of others. Object permanence.
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Object permanence (Piaget)
Definition:
The appreciation that an object no longer in view can still exist and reappear later. (begins at about 8 months)
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Pre operational Stage
Definition:
2-7 years. Lasts 2-7 years. Language and creative play. Uses imagination to pretend and use of symbols.
Manipulating symbols. Egocentric. Inability to conserve liquid volume (liquid in tall skinny glass)
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How do you know a child has moved from the pre operations stage to the concrete operational stage
Definition:
Child develops the ability to decenter. 7-12. Organizing objects into ordered categories. Understanding rational terms (beginning, above, bigger than). Begins to use simple logic.
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Concrete operations stage (Piaget)
Definition:
Able to take into account another person's point of view and consider more than one perspective.
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Formal operations stage
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Thinking becomes abstract and symbolic. Increasingly competent at Adult style thinking. Hypothetical thinking (abstract rather than concrete) Reasoning skills developed.
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Schema (Piaget)
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System of organized general knowledge stored in long term memory that guides the encoding and retrieval of information.
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Top Priorities in assessing clients
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Start where the client is, legal mandates, health or safety concerns, take action when situations present serious, foreseeable, and imminent harm
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Guidelines for conducting a competent assessment
Definition:
1. Follow the principles of relevance and salience. 2. Address top priorities
3. Gather information from a variety of sources 4. Recognize the uniqueness of the client 5. Adopt a Strengths Perspective 6. View Assessment as both a product and a process
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Piaget believed that assimilation helped
Definition:
Balance the structure of the mind with the environment.
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Defensiveness
Definition:
A conscious effort by the client to convince you that she is better off than really is the case.
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Examples of specific Clinician Biases that can affect judgement:
Definition:
Preconceived notions.
Confirmation Bias Primary effect
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Preconceived Notions
Definition:
Perceptions and judgements concerning a client's psychological characteristics and behavior may be influenced by what you 'expect to find'.
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Confirmation Bias
Definition:
Seeking to give more weight to information that confirms your hypothesis and fail to elicit or give sufficient weight to disconfirming information
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Primary effect
Definition:
Giving more importance to information obtained earlier in the data collection process than to information obtained later.
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Examples of reflective opening- convey that you intend to address feelings openly
Definition:
Sometimes it can be difficult to get started.
You seem upset today
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Interview Skills for Eliciting the Presenting Problem
Definition:
Start where the client is.
Make statements that allow the client to choose her own direction (How can I help you?).
Ask open-ended
questions. Seek
clarification
Term:
Vignette
Definition:
Brief story that may be a good tool for initiating exploration.
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A client's needs are often related to their
Definition:
Developmental stage
Needs can be described as wants by the client... Ex. More self confidence and less family discord
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Components of the Problem History
Definition:
Onset, progression, severity, environmental antecedents, factors maintaining it, it's effect on the client's adaptive functioning, the client's ideas about the causes and what the client has done to try to resolve it including what has worked and what has not worked.
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Scale developed by Holmes and Rahe
Definition:
Life Events Scale or Social Readjustment Scale- stressors listed from most to least serious
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ABC Model
Definition:
Antecedents Behavior
Consequences.
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An intense emotional reaction may
Definition:
Become the primary problem. Ex
anxiety from a job loss
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Maturational Crisis
Definition:
A transitional or developmental period within a person's life, such as puberty, when psychologic equilibrium is upset
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Examples of coping skills
Definition:
Seeking needed information Pre-planning
Delaying gratification Flexibility
Ability to consider various solutions to a problem
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Examples of dysfunctional coping behaviors
Definition:
Denial
Rigidity
Impulsiveness
Substance use.
Tendency to become angry, overwhelmed or depressed when facing a life stressor
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Cognitive flexibility
Definition:
Ability and willingness to accept new ideas and weigh all aspects of a situation
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Tardive Dyskinisia
Definition:
Disorder resulting in involuntary, repetitive body movements. In this form of Dyskinisia, the involuntary movements are 'tardive', meaning they have slow or belated onset. Frequently appears after long-term or high-dose use of antipsychotic drugs
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Prescription Abbreviation- Q
Definition:
Every
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QD
Definition:
Daily or every day
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BID
Definition:
Twice daily
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TID
Definition:
Three times in a day
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QID
Definition:
Four times in a day
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HS
Definition:
At bedtime
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AC
Definition:
Before meals
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PC
Definition:
After meals
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Substance Screening Instruments
Definition:
Drug abuse screening T-ACE
CAGE
CAGE-AID.
MAST
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Anehdonia
Definition:
Inability to feel joy or express many pleasurable emotions
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Gallows Laughter
Definition:
Laughter when discussing painful material
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Emotional Blunting
Definition:
Muted or apathetic response to stimuli that would normally evoke a stronger response
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When flat affect occurs without a thought disorder consider...
Definition:
The possibility of psychosis and refer for psychiatric evaluation
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Signs and sxs of guilt and shame
Definition:
Self condemnation, fears of annihilation, feelings of inferiority, reluctance to disclose flaws etc.
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Ambivalence
Definition:
Contradictory emotions that occur at the same time within a person. Can produce indecisiveness and rapidly changing emotional attitudes
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Loose associations
Definition:
Characterized by abrupt shifts from one fragmented thought to another with little if any logical connection between thoughts
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Flight of ideas
Definition:
Client's responses seem to 'take off' based on a particular word or thought, unrelated to any logical progression to the original point of communication
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Loose assn and flight of ideas may indicate
Definition:
Mania, a thought disorder such as schizophrenia or acute drug intoxication
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Cognitive inflexibility
Definition:
Thinking in absolute terms. Adhering to stereotypes.
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Examples of vegetative sxs
Definition:
Sleep disturbances
Changes in appetite or weight Loss of energy or frequent
fatigue Changes in sexual function
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Bipolar I
Definition:
At least one manic episode and often, not always a history of major depressive episodes
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Bipolar II
Definition:
At least one major depressive episode and at least one hypo manic episode; no history of manic or mixed episodes
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Cyclothymic Disorder
Definition:
Hypomanic episodes and multiple periods of depressed mood (but not major depression) over a period of 2 or more years
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Confabulation
Definition:
Making up information to cover memory gaps
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Ego systonic
Definition:
Descriptive of values, feelings, behaviors, ideas, etc., That are consistent with the persons ego or sense of self; They feel real and acceptable to the persons consciousness.
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Ego dystonic
Definition:
Descriptive of impulses, behaviors, wishes, etc. that are unacceptable to the ego, or the person's ideal conception of self
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Premorbid personality
Definition:
What the client was like before the onset of her current problem or symptoms. [Show Less]