1) At what level do the intercostal veins on the left side posteriorly drain into the Accessory Hemiazygous Vein? - T7/8
2) At what level does the
... [Show More] descending aorta begin? - T4/5
3) At what point is the needle inserted in attempt to relieve pressure of Cardiac Tamponade? - - Larreys Point (45 degrees to the skin between the xiphisternum and costal margin)
4) Can the first rib be palpated? - No
5) Can you differentiate between the fibrous & parietal serous pericardium? - No - they are fused
6) Compare the direction of muscle fibres between the intercostal muscles - External: Down and in (hands in pockets)
7) Internal: Up and in (hands on boobs)
8) Innermost: Same as interal
9) Describe the course of the Azygous vein - Posterior
10) Runs over the root of the right lung
11) Intercostal veins drain into here
12) Describe the journey of the Left Phrenic Nerve - - Left side of the left Subclavian Artery
- Crosses left Vagus Nerve
- Approaches aortic arch
- Crosses anterior to root of left lung
- Descends across pericardium to diaphragm
13) Describe the journey of the Right Phrenic Nerve - - Lateral to right Brachiocephalic Vein
- Runs anterior to lung root
- Across pericardium then to diaphragm
14) Describe the right lung - 3 lobes
15) Oblique & horizontal fissure
16) Describe the structure of the patella bone - Apex
17) Base
18) Articular surface
19) Does the left lung have a horizontal fissure? - No, only oblique
20) From where does the Long Thoracic Nevre arise? - C5-7 of Brachial Plexus
21) From where does the Thoraco-dorsal nerve arise & what does it innervate? - - C6-8
- Posterior cord of brachial plexus
- Latissimus Dorsi
22) How are ribs 11 and 12 different to the rest of the ribs? - - They have no tubercle
- Rib 12 has no costal groove
- No neck
23) How can you notice a Pneumothorax from an Xray? - - Black on one side where the lung has collapsed (black = air)
- Mediastinum shift
- Hemidiaphragm (part of diaphragm lower than the other)
24) How do the vertebrae and rib articulate? -
25) How is a Pneumothorax treated? - Draining air
26) Needle Aspiration
27) Chest tube insertion
28) ANTERIOR MID AXILLARY 5TH ICS
29) How is Cardiac Tamponade treated in an emergency? - Pericardiocentesis (fluid is removed from the pericardial sac)
30) Subxiphoid approach, between the xiphoid and costal margin, 30-45 degrees aka Larreys Point
31) How many anterior intercostal arteries are there and where do they arise from? - - 9 anterior
- Upper 6 from Internal Thoracic Artery
- Lower 3 from Musculophrenic Artery [Show Less]