phonology - Answer speech sound system of a language, how the sounds can be produced, sequenced, and combined to make words
morphology - Answer smallest
... [Show More] unit of meaning in a language, how the units combine to change meaning, prefixes, suffixes, base elements morpheme - Answer smallest unit of meaning phoneme - Answer smallest unit of sound
semantics - Answer meanings of words, phrases, and sentences, and their relationship in a language, expressions and figurative language syntax - Answer rules for organizing words, phrases, and clauses to form sentences in a language, parts of speech, sentence types
pragmatics - Answer rules for how language is used appropriately in different social contexts, linguistic and nonlinguistic, discourse orthography - Answer written or spelling system of a language
What provides the foundation for working with written language (reading and writing)? - Answer Oral language
Oral language is - Answer inherent.
Literacy, the ability to read and write, is - Answer not inherent and must be learned.
expressive language - Answer our ability to put thoughts and feelings into words and sentences
receptive language - Answer our ability to understand information in spoken or written form
Orthography deals with - Answer word recognition (alphabetic principal, decoding, spelling patterns, syllable patterns).
Phonology deals with - Answer word recognition (phonological awareness, decoding, and spelling).
Morphology deals with - Answer reading comprehension (vocabulary, word recognition, phonological awareness, decoding, and spelling).
Semantics deals with - Answer reading comprehension (vocabulary and figurative language).
Syntax deals with - Answer reading comprehension and written expression (sentence comprehension and sentence composition).
Pragmatics deals with - Answer reading comprehension and written expression (audience participation, use of dialogue, cohesive texts, etc.).
Simple view of reading - Answer word recognition X language comprehension = reading comprehension
Language comprehension (deriving meaning from oral/written language) includes - Answer background knowledge, vocabulary, language structures (syntax/semantics), verbal reasoning (making inferences, predicting, figurative language), and literacy knowledge (text structure/genres).
Word recognition (decoding) includes - Answer phonological awareness, decoding, and sight recognition.
Inferior frontal gyrus controls - Answer speech-sound awareness, phonological processor, and expressive language.
Parieto temporal lobe controls - Answer receptive language, context and meaning processor, word analysis.
Occipito temporal lobe controls - Answer letter recognition, orthographic processor, words recognized by sight. Known as the brain's letterbox.
dyslexia - Answer A specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit in the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and decoding abilities.
What are some secondary consequences of dyslexia? - Answer problems in reading comprehension
reduced reading experience (impedes vocabulary and background knowledge)
Part of the brain that allows you to sound out words - Answer parieto temporal lobe
Part of the brain that recognizes words by sight - Answer occipito temporal lobe
Part of the brain that thinks about how to pronounce words - Answer inferior frontal gyrus
People with dyslexia - Answer have little to no neuronal activation in posterior reading systems and rely only on the inferior frontal gyrus (which causes an overactivation and disruption in gyrus).
What percentage of the world's population have at least some symptoms of dyslexia? - Answer 15-20%
What is an essential prerequisite to understanding that the sequences of individual spoken sounds are represented by sequences of printed letters on a page? - Answer phonological awareness
language comprehension - Answer the ability to simultaneously integrate and organize information from various language systems into a single meaningful representation
True or False: Typical reading comprehension strategy instruction (questioning, visualizing, summarizing, etc.) cannot replace a lack of language comprehension. - Answer True
True or False: Everyone with dyslexia qualifies for special education services. - Answer False
What we teach - Answer phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, & comprehension
How we teach - Answer explicit instruction, systematic & cumulative curriculum, differentiated instruction, opportunities for practice & feedback, and effective instructional strategies
Corrective feedback... - Answer provides opportunities for teacher responses during and following the execution of tasks that account for an individual student's level of mastery.
Cumulative instruction... - Answer builds on and regularly reviews what a student already knows.
Diagnostic-Prescriptive instruction... - Answer uses an understanding of the individual needs of students to adapt instructional strategies. Information from initial and ongoing assessment of students' needs as well as their understanding, and application of skills taught are used to develop a teaching plan based on careful and continuous assessment; lessons paced on students' understanding and demonstration of understanding.
Differentiated instruction... - Answer addresses the range of students' needs by using different materials, activities, technology, group size, and other accommodations and modifications.
Explicit instruction... - Answer explains concepts clearly and directly. It often includes modeling and scaffolding through an "I do, we do, you do" progression.
Practice... - Answer consists of frequent, distributed, and varied opportunities for students to execute a targeted skill with increasing independence and automaticity.
Scaffolding... - Answer chunks information into smaller, logical steps. It also provides additional support necessary to connect new information with what is already known.
Simultaneous-Multisensory Instruction... - Answer makes use of all sensory pathways, at the same time whenever possible. This includes multiple modalities including visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic pathways.
Systematic Instruction... - Answer follows a clearly defined sequence for learning how to read, using the logical order of language.
All examples of fricatives - Answer /f/, /th/, /v/, /sh/
Example of nasal phoneme - Answer /ng/
Example of unvoiced stop - Answer /k/
Example of glide - Answer /y/
Examples of continuants - Answer /th/, /s/, /sh/, /m/
Example of a voiced affricative - Answer /j/
Example of diphthong - Answer /oi/
Word containing a tense vowel phoneme - Answer steak
Word containing a lax front vowel phoneme - Answer stream
Ways to explicitly teach the articulatory features of a phoneme - Answer use a mirror, model the phoneme production, use mouth pictures, describing how the speech sound feels as it's being produced in the mouth, placing a hand on the voice box
Set of consonant phonemes that show articulatory contrast - Answer /m/ and /h/
True or false: When introducing phonemes to ELL, teachers should begin by making connections to the sounds that exist in both the primary language and
English before introducing new sounds. - Answer True
phonological memory - Answer the ability to remember speech sounds briefly
rapid naming (RAN) - Answer the ability to efficiently retrieve phonological information from long-term memory [Show Less]