Which perspective to personality would argue that an employee's low or high performance is the product of the work environment? CORRECT ANSWER
... [Show More] Behaviorism
Behaviorism states that the environment shapes behavior. A behaviorist would consider how a person's environment and the people in their environment shape their behavior. See section 13.3.2
Which perspective states that people create constructs and schemas about the world that influence their personality and behavior? CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive theories
In the cognitive approach the emphasis is on self regulation, self-efficacy, expectation, prediction, perception, memory and cognitive processes, constructs and schemas, which are all ways of understanding and controlling the world, other people and one's own behaviors. See section 13.3.5
Which perspective focuses on the self as a core part of personality, and the influence of social and interpersonal relationships? CORRECT ANSWER Psychosocial theories
Psychosocial theories focus on the self as a core dimension of personality and personality development, and also the dominant role of interpersonal relationships, social and cultural factors, and the influence of other important people in the needs for relatedness and personality development. See section 13.3.7 in your prescribed book.
What kind of study is done to assess a person's behavior and characteristics over a long period of time? CORRECT ANSWER Longitudinal research
Longitudinal studies investigate how various personal and personality factors stay consistent or change over time. See section 13.7 in your prescribed book.
Which perspective on personality emphasize that the individual is intertwined with a group and the greater cosmos? CORRECT ANSWER African view
African and Asian views emphasize collectivism and that the individual is intertwined with a group and the greater cosmos. See section 13.3.9
Chapter 13 Case Study: Mike
Mike is a 48-year-old process controller at a quarry who came to see you, an industrial psychologist, about his work and life problems. According to Mike, he has lost all motivation to work. He feels that he has not achieved any of the ideals he had as a young man, and that he is now running out of time. Mike feels that life is simply not worthwhile anymore. He recently got into trouble after an argument with a customer and for staying away from work for two days without any excuse. Mike's manager has referred him to you. The manager believes that Mike is going through a midlife crisis, and needs some professional guidance to sort himself out.
Mike explains to you that he grew up on a farm. Although he still visits his family, he feels that he does not have much to say to them. He describes his relationship with his father as friendly, but says that he cannot forget all the undeserved hidings he received as a child. His dad especially hated the fact that Mike enjoyed drawing and painting. He called it "girly stuff". Mike also complains that his parents did not encourage him at all, that he passed matric with great difficulty, and then went to work at the quarry, where he is today. He sees himself as intelligent and creative, and feels that he could have done much more with his life than just being in a quarry. Mike is married with two children. He feels his children, who are teenagers, do not need him anymore, and that his wife is so involved with her own job that she does not see his pain. He has a few good friends who he calls his "beer pals", although he complains that they are not stimulating company. Most of them are doing routine jobs, and do not expect anything more from life.
Which of the descriptions below explain Mike's feelings and behaviors based on the psychoanalytical paradigm? CORRECT ANSWER Mike has unresolved conflicts with his father, which might still influence his behavior and his perception of authority.
The psychoanalytic paradigm would refer to conflict and issues caused due to unresolved conflict experienced in childhood. See section 13.3.1
Chapter 13 Case Study: Mike
Mike is a 48-year-old process controller at a quarry who came to see you, an industrial psychologist, about his work and life problems. According to Mike, he has lost all motivation to work. He feels that he has not achieved any of the ideals he had as a young man, and that he is now running out of time. Mike feels that life is simply not worthwhile anymore. He recently got into trouble after an argument with a customer and for staying away from work for two days without any excuse. Mike's manager has referred him to you. The manager believes that Mike is going through a midlife crisis, and needs some professional guidance to sort himself out.
Mike explains to you that he grew up on a farm. Although he still visits his family, he feels that he does not have much to say to them. He describes his relationship with his father as friendly, but says that he cannot forget all the undeserved hidings he received as a child. His dad especially hated the fact that Mike enjoyed drawing and painting. He called it "girly stuff". Mike also complains that his parents did not encourage him at all, that he passed matric with great difficulty, and then went to work at the quarry, where he is today. He sees himself as intelligent and creative, and feels that he could have done much more with his life than just being in a quarry. Mike is married with two children. He feels his children, who are teenagers, do not need him anymore, and that his wife is so involved with her own job that she does not see his pain. He has a few good friends who he calls his "beer pals", although he complains that they are not stimulating company. Most of them are doing routine jobs, and do not expect anything more from life.
Which of the descriptions below describe Mike's feelings and behaviors based on the trait theory? CORRECT ANSWER Mike might possess personality characteristics that prevent him from becoming a high achiever, such as being an introvert.
The trait theory refers to personality characteristics as a means of describing people. See section 13.3.4 in your prescribed book.
Chapter 13 Case Study: Mike
Mike is a 48-year-old process controller at a quarry who came to see you, an industrial psychologist, about his work and life problems. According to Mike, he has lost all motivation to work. He feels that he has not achieved any of the ideals he had as a young man, and that he is now running out of time. Mike feels that life is simply not worthwhile anymore. He recently got into trouble after an argument with a customer and for staying away from work for two days without any excuse. Mike's manager has referred him to you. The manager believes that Mike is going through a midlife crisis, and needs some professional guidance to sort himself out.
Mike explains to you that he grew up on a farm. Although he still visits his family, he feels that he does not have much to say to them. He describes his relationship with his father as friendly, but says that he cannot forget all the undeserved hidings he received as a child. His dad especially hated the fact that Mike enjoyed drawing and painting. He called it "girly stuff". Mike also complains that his parents did not encourage him at all, that he passed matric with great difficulty, and then went to work at the quarry, where he is today. He sees himself as intelligent and creative, and feels that he could have done much more with his life than just being in a quarry. Mike is married with two children. He feels his children, who are teenagers, do not need him anymore, and that his wife is so involved with her own job that she does not see his pain. He has a few good friends who he calls his "beer pals", although he complains that they are not stimulating company. Most of them are doing routine jobs, and do not expect anything more from life. [Show Less]