The adult ear canal: - ANSWER-Rises upward and forward then descends to the drum
The isthmus is: - ANSWER-Where the canal narrows to enter the temporal
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The pinna and the external canal together: - ANSWER--Gather and reinforce accoustical signals
-With the irregular shape of the auricle, cause increases and decreases at different frequencies as the sound arrives at the ear.
-Forms a resonating tube.
The average resonant frequency of the ear canal plus concha is: - ANSWER-2700 Hz.
The dividing line between the external ear and the middle ear is the: - ANSWER-Tympanic membrane.
The ear canal contains: - ANSWER-Cilia, ceruminous glands. sebaceous glands.
The vagus nerve (Xth cranial) is found: - ANSWER-Along the bottom of the ear canal.
These are parts of the tympanic membrane: - ANSWER-Pars tensa, Pars flaccida, Umbo.
An otoscopic inspection should reveal: - ANSWER-A clear view of the white tympanic membrane.
These are parts of the pinna: - ANSWER-Tragus, intertragal notch, triangular fossa.
Atresia refers to: - ANSWER-A closure of the external auditory canal.
Perforation of the eardrum can be caused by: - ANSWER--An infection
-A fracture of the temporal bone
-A nearby explosion.
These are types of hearing loss: - ANSWER--Conductive
-Central
-Sensorineural
Conductive losses may be caused by: - ANSWER-A prolapsed canal
Impacted cerumen
Which surgical technique repairs the tympanic membrane? - ANSWER-Myringoplasty
A cholesteatoma can be described as: - ANSWER-A pouch of skin filled with epithelial debris.
When an excess of cerumen or a blockage of cerumen is detected, the hearing aid specialist should: - ANSWER-Refer the patient to a physician.
A swollen ear may be caused by: - ANSWER--Eczema
-Otitis externa
-Dermatitis
Tympanosclerosis may be described as: - ANSWER-Calcium deposits.
A tympanic membrane perforation may cause a: - ANSWER-Conductive loss.
Theoretically, the increase in sound pressure provided by the middle ear structure is about: - ANSWER-27 dB.
The footplate of the stapes fits into the: - ANSWER-Oval window.
A type "A" tympanogram would indicate: - ANSWER-Normal pressure and compliance.
The difference in area size between the tympanic membrane an the footplate of the stapes increasing the sound pressure at the footplate is : - ANSWER-The transfer function or aerial ratio.
The middle ear cavity contains: - ANSWER-Annular ligaments, malleus, stapes and tensor tympani.
The middle ear system is often referred to as: - ANSWER-An impedance matching transformer.
The middle ear cavity, as a transducer changes energy from one form to another. The energy changes from: - ANSWER-Acoustic energy to mechanical energy to hydraulic energy.
The middle ear muscles contract, resulting in: - ANSWER-An acoustic reflex.
The Eustachian tube begins in the lower portion of the tympanic cavity and ends at the: - ANSWER-Nasopharynx.
The Eustachian tube of a child is: - ANSWER-Straight, short, horizontal.
A cholesteatoma: - ANSWER--Occurs in the middle ear
-May perforate the eardrum
-Is usually accompanied by a constant odorous discharge.
Change in either stiffness or mass occur when the normal middle ear function is altered by disease or trauma causing: - ANSWER-A feeling of stuffiness or a complaint of hearing in a barrel.
Otosclerosis: - ANSWER-Occurs more often in women than men
Occurs more often in Caucasians than other races
Appears to be inherited
Most dysfunctions of the outer or middle ear cause a: - ANSWER-Conductive loss.
Otitis media may occur with: - ANSWER-Fluid in the middle ear.
A plastic or steel strut replaces the stapes during a: - ANSWER-Stapedectomy.
Treatment for chronic otitis media may include: - ANSWER--Antibiotics
-Inflation of the Eustachian Tube
-Myringotomy
A radical mastiodectomy incudes removal of: - ANSWER-Ossicular chain, mastoid.
The ossicular chain is supported and suspended by: - ANSWER-Stapedius, tensor tympani and ligaments.
The ear, due to its physical characteristics, enhances which frequencies? - ANSWER-2,000-5,000 Hz.
In a cross section of the cochlea, the minimum number of rows of hair cells you can see is: - ANSWER-4
The total number of neural fibers or neurons in the human auditory nerve is about? - ANSWER-30,000
The basilar membrane separates: - ANSWER-The scala media and the scala tympani
The scala tympani is filled with: - ANSWER-Perilymph
The base of the cochlea: - ANSWER-begins at the oval window
The fibers of the auditory nerve, at the point of maximum stimulation of the basilar membrane, discharge and recover at a rate of approximately: - ANSWER-Up to 1Khz identical to the stimulus frequency.
The cochlea, acting as a frequency analyzer, distributes acoustic stimuli to places along the basilar membranes according to frequency, This forms the basis of a hypothesis called the: - ANSWER-Place theory.
Each of the semi-circular canals: - ANSWER--Are orinted at 90 degrees to one another.
-Contain perilymph and endolymph.
-Detect positioning and balance.
Collections of nerve fibers are called: - ANSWER-Ganglia and nuclei.
Afferent fibers: - ANSWER-Transmit from cochlea to the brain.
Which of the following is a result of tissue and structure damage? - ANSWER-A threshold shift
Distortion of perception of frequncies
Disturbance of perception of loudness
A sensorineural hearing loss is due to a disorder in the: - ANSWER-Inner ear.
A symptom of recruitment is: - ANSWER-Intolerance for loud sounds.
Malingering is a category of: - ANSWER-Non-organic loss.
Meniere's syndrome consists of: - ANSWER-Tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing loss.
An organic disorder is when there is damage to: - ANSWER--The hearing mechanism
-The neural pathways
-The brain
Loudness recruitment: - ANSWER-Refers to abnormal loudness growth of clients with sensorineural hearing.
Tinnitus is: - ANSWER-Often managed by hearing instruments or tinnitus maskers.
A characteristic of a conductive loss is: - ANSWER-A soft spoken patient.
This is not a characteristic of sensorineural loss? - ANSWER-Hearing better in noise than in quiet.
What is a characteristic of a sensorineural loss? - ANSWER--Loud talker
-Difficulty understanding high frequency consonants sounds
-Recruitment
-Tinnitus often preceeds it.
A dial on the audiometer to control the decibels of output is called - ANSWER--A hearing level dial
-An attenuator dial
Audiometric zero for pure tones is higher than the standard reference level by about: - ANSWER-Differs each frequency
ANSI stands for: - ANSWER-American National Standards Institute
The audiometer is designed so that zero on the attenuator dial: - ANSWER-Represents the level of normal hearing for that frequeny.
By air conduction, sound energy changes forms in which of the following manners: - ANSWER-Acoustic energy, mechanical energy, hydraulic energy, electric energy, to chemical energy,
The normal ear responds to a range of frequencies from: - ANSWER-20-20,000 Hz
Sound waves during bone conduction, transmit from the: - ANSWER-Skull to the cochlea
Which of the folowing describes a Phon? - ANSWER-A unit of measurement when comparing the loudness of one frequency to another frequency.
Routine hearing testing should be performed: - ANSWER-In a sound controlled environment.
Audiometric zero is: - ANSWER-0 dB Hearing Level
0 db HL
The level where normal ears can hear at every frequency.
In Pure Tone testing, threshold means: - ANSWER-The lowest intensity the client hears 50% of the time.
What is the meaning of 40 dB threshold re: audiometric zero, at 500 hz. - ANSWER-Subject could bearly hear a 500 Hz tone at 40 dB about 50% of the time.
The problems produced by excessive ambient noise are: - ANSWER-Greater for the low frequencies than for the higher frequencies.
Before testing is done: - ANSWER-The client's ears should be carefully examined using an otoscope.
The descending technique in pure tone audiometry is preferred because it: - ANSWER-Is easier to hear when a sound stops than when it begins.
Begin testing with the 1000 Hz tone because it: - ANSWER-Has good test reliability.
The symbols used in the audiogram for air conduction are: - ANSWER-Uniform worldwide.
Individuals with a noise induced hearing impairment can have a V notch at which frequency? - ANSWER-3000 Hz
4000 Hz
6000 Hz
The loss of acoustic energy as it travels from the test ear to the non-test ear is a definition of: - ANSWER-Interaural attenuation
To begin testing for air or bone conduction thresholds, tests should begin at which frequency? - ANSWER-1000 Hz.
If the outer and middle ear parts are normal: - ANSWER-Air thresholds will equal the bone thresholds.
In bone conduction testing, the receiver should be: - ANSWER-Placed at the most sensitive spot on the mastoid of the test ear.
Sounds from the bone conduction receiver may stimulate the non-test ear at: - ANSWER-10 dB or less
A source of information that helps to identify which ear is responding to bone conduction stimuli is: - ANSWER--Tympanometry
-Acoustic Reflex testing
-Bone conduction with masking
Bone conduction testing directly stimulates: - ANSWER-The cochlea
Most conductive losses: - ANSWER--Are medically correctable
-Display a breakdown or obstruction in the middle ear.
-Display good discrimination
Ambient noise in the environment during bone conduction testing will: - ANSWER-Affect the test results in the lower frequencies.
During the testing process, it is best to test bone conduction: - ANSWER-After air conduction testing.
A conductive loss may be caused by: - ANSWER--Perforations of the tympanic membrane.
-Immobile middle ear ossicles
-Otits media
Bone conduction thresholds worse than air conduction thresholds may be caused by: - ANSWER--Poor placement of the vibrator
-A skull fracture
-Thickness of the skull
Sound is being presented to one ear and then routed to the opposite ear is know as: - ANSWER--Cross hearing
-Shadow hearing
-Transcranial hearing
When the better ear answers for the poorer ear what occurs? - ANSWER-Shadow Curve
Which noise is best for masking during pure tone air and bone conduction testing? - ANSWER-Narrow band noise
Effective masking may be described as - ANSWER--An increased masking noise that does not shift the treshold tone.
- A formula method to determine how much masking noise is appropriate
-A psychoacoustic method like the one proposed by Hood
Masking is performed during air conduction testing when: - ANSWER--a 40 dB or more difference occurs between the air conduction threshold of th better ear and the poorer ear.
-a 40 dB or more difference occurs between the air conduction threshold of the poorer ear and the bone conduction threshold of the better ear.
Masking is performed during bone conduction whenever: - ANSWER-a 15 dB or more difference occurs between the obtained bone conduction threshold of the better ear and the air conduction threshold of the poorer ear.
The occlusion effect occurs during: - ANSWER-Bone conduction testing causing thresholds to shift due to headphones being placed over the ear.
A masking delima occurs when: - ANSWER--It is impossible to mask
-The patient displays a bilateral conductive loss
-Masking cannot be completed due to overmasking.
Undermasking is defined as: - ANSWER-Occuring most often during air conduction testing.
Central masking can effect as threshold by: - ANSWER-5 dB
In sensorineural hearing loss, air conduction thresholds are: - ANSWER-The same as bone conduction thresholds.
An air-bone gap means the: - ANSWER-Air conduction thresholds are worse than bone conduction thresholds.
A sensorineural component is the difference between: - ANSWER-BC thresholds and the range of normal hearing.
A pure conductive loss shows: - ANSWER-All bone conduction thresholds are within normal limits.
In a purely conductive loss: - ANSWER-Sound is reduced before its arrival at the inner ear.
A mixed loss exhibits: - ANSWER--A sensorineural component
-A conductive component
An audiogram with less loss at the high and low frequencies than the middle frequency region is classified as: - ANSWER-Trough -shaped curve
Pure Tone Average estimates: - ANSWER-SRT
To calculate PTA in a hearing loss when thresholds drop 15-20 dB or more at any or all frequencies: - ANSWER-Add the 2 frequencies with the least loss and divide by 2.
PTA describes the following audiogram classification fairly accurately? - ANSWER--Flat loss
-Fragmentary audiogram
Although pure tones sound artificial to us, they have the advantage of: - ANSWER-Measuring a specific frequency without involvement of other frequencies.
Speech Reception Threshold: - ANSWER-is a level above SDT by about 8-10 dB.
Dynamic Range is the usable range of hearing between: - ANSWER-SRT and UCL
The most Comfortable level is: - ANSWER-About 65 dB SPL for normal ears
About 45 dB HL for normal ears
The range between threshold and MCL: - ANSWER-Differs at each frequency.
A patient with a conductive loss has: - ANSWER-The same dynamic range as normal ears.
When patients have a sensorineural loss, MCL: - ANSWER-retains a relationship with the lower boundary, [Show Less]