IC Final Exam Study Guide 2023 Update
hearing - ANS-the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations in your ear
listening - ANS-the process of
... [Show More] receiving, constructing meaning from and responding to
spoken and/or nonverbal messages
listening process - ANS-attending, interpreting, remembering, evaluating, responding. Is
a cycle that goes around and around
attending - ANS-1/5 listening process. the process of noticing specific cues provided by
a communication partner. select a sound, now focus on it. listen to what meets your
needs or what peaks your interest and conflict or humor are easier to listen to than
boring abstract ideas
interpreting - ANS-1/5 listening process. attaching meaning to cues provided by a
communication partner. different for everyone because of culture, age, etc.,
similarity=shared understanding.
remembering - ANS-1/5 listening process. recalling information that has been shared
with you. important because you're showing a person you're paying attention.
evaluating - ANS-1/5 listening process. the process of critically analyzing information to
determine how truthful, authentic, or believable you judge the message to be. carefully
examine the information you have received so that your conclusions are based on
accurate factors or plausible arguments.
responding - ANS-1/5 listening process. forming a reply to the message. communication
is transactional, verbally and nonverbally (laughing, eye contact, "yeah", "uh huh")
ways of listening - ANS-reflect the requirements of different interpersonal
communication, like in a staff meeting at work, you may listen to feedback on your
performance and for info about specific tasks your perform
types of listening - ANS-discriminatory listening, appreciative listening, comprehensive
listening, evaluative listening, active-empathetic listening
discriminatory listening - ANS-1/5 types of listening. listening to distinguish between
different words, sounds, and meanings. ex: listening to determine if your friend wants to
meet at 5:15 or 5:00, the directions to the place where you will meet, and whether or not
this is a romantic date
appreciative listening - ANS-1/5 types of listening. listening to derive pleasure and
enjoyment. ex: listening to your grandfather tell a funny story that he shares at every
family reunion
comprehensive listening - ANS-1/5 types of listening. listening to receive and remember
new information. ex: listening to a new romantic partner describe his or her ideal
birthday, so that you can plan the perfect celebration
evaluative listening - ANS-1/5 types of listening. listening to judge the accuracy,
honesty, and completeness of a message. ex: listening to determine if your employee's
explanation for an error is truthful and through
active-empathic listening - ANS-listening to comfort and help others. ex: listening to your
best friend describe a recent break-up to show you care, and also to figure out how you
can help your friend
listening style - ANS-the way a person tends to listen in any situation. 4 main styles:
action-centered, content-centered, time-centered, people-centered
barriers to effective listening - ANS-noise of environment around you; features of
message, like salesperson trying to sell you a car and them talking in a language you
don't understand; thoughts and feelings like if your preoccupied, if you get wrapped up
in anger, sadness, joy, or when you prejudge a message; lack of effort like when you
don't pay attention and nonlistening: enacting behaviors that make it look like you are
listening, although you are not really doing so
relational messages - ANS-verbal and nonverbal expressions that indicate how two
people fee about each other in their relationship
dominance vs submission - ANS-1/8 listening to relational messages. "Just do what I tell
you to do and don't ask any questions." vs "Whatever you want for dinner is fine with
me."
composure - ANS-1/8 listening to relational messages. "You're so easy to talk to - I feel
so comfortable around you." "Let's just hang out; we can relax."
similarity and depth - ANS-1/8 listening to relational messages. "I played rugby in
college too. We should form a team together." "We seem to have a lot in common! What
other kinds of things do you like to do for fun?"
formality vs informality - ANS-1/8 listening to relational messages. "Excuse me, sir?
Could I please ask you a question?" vs "hey, what's up?"
equality - ANS-1/8 listening to relational messages. "It would be great to work together
on that project." "Let's split the workload - we both know what we're doing."
closeness and affection - ANS-1/8 listening to relational messages. "You have the most
beautiful eyes." "I know you've had a long day, so I'll give you a back rub after I finish
making dinner."
task vs social orientation - ANS-1/8 listening to relational messages. "I'd really rather
just focus on studying for our exam." "This job can wait - tell me about your weekend."
receptivity and trust - ANS-1/8 listening to relational messages. "I've never told anyone
this before, but I know you won't tell anybody so I'm willing to share it with you." "I'm
here for you if you need me."
relational framing - ANS-using either affiliation or dominance as a framework to interpret
messages about a relationship
stop - ANS-1/3 guideline to listening. stop internal dialogue - don't rehearse your own
response--> hearing not listening, put in adequate effort, sometimes physically stopping
helps
look - ANS-1/3 guideline to listening. shows you're paying attention, look for other cues
like tears if they're saying you're not sad after a break up. "listen between the lines" get
message between the message
active listening - ANS-1/3 guidelines to listening. effective listeners=active listeners.
don't interrupt, respond appropriately and provide feedback to conversation, don't "turn
away" goal and people orientated to maintain relationship
emotions - ANS-a biological, cognitive, behavioral, and subjective affective reaction to
an event and intensity varies. biological: how do you feel physically when you're angry;
cognitive: appraisal and then relevance; happens very quickly; behavioral: displays of
emotion like laughing or crying and labeling emotion
basic emotions - ANS-1/2 types of emotions. common or primary feelings that are
experienced universally. happiness, surprise, sadness, fear, and anger.
social emotions - ANS-feelings that occur in interpersonal communication or
relationships, like self-consciousness, melancholy, hostile, etc.
appraisals - ANS-cause of emotion. evaluations of how favorable a situation is to the
goals that you have
appraisal theories of emotion - ANS-cause of emotion. a collection of theories that link
evaluations of a situation to emotional experiences
self-perceptions of emotion - ANS-component of emotion. people's own awareness of
how they feel. ex: recognize if you're feeling nervous rather than confident about an
interview
physiology of emotion - ANS-component of emotion. physical changes that occur in
conjunction with feelings, like heart rate, blood flow, oxygen or adrenaline levels in the
blood
nonverbal makers of emotions - ANS-component of emotion. changes in appearance
that occur when a person experiences affect like blushing
action tendencies - ANS-component of emotion. the behaviors that emotions compel us
to perform like anxiety causing you to pay attention to every word an interviewer is
saying
feeling and communication - ANS-feelings cause communication, communication
describes feelings, communication affects feelings, feelings shape interpretations of
messages
feelings cause communication - ANS-1/4 feelings and communication. most emotions
can be addressed by using communication to confront, avoid, embrace, or repair the
situation that provoked your feelings, like raising your voice when someone interferes
with your goals and explain why people react to a particular situation in different ways,
like when people feel sympathy for a friend in distress use communication to solve the
problem vs a friend who is angry and tries to make them take responsibility
communication describes feelings - ANS-1/4 feelings and communication. most intimate
interpersonal interactions involve messages about emotions and feelings themselves,
like displaying emotions through physical displays like teary eyes
communication affects feelings - ANS-1/4 feelings and communication. messages from
others have tremendous emotional potential, like feeling good after someone says "I
love you" or feeling embarrassed after someone exposes you
feelings shape interpretations of messages - ANS-1/4 feelings and communication.
moods influence how people perceive a situation and people in a bad mood react more
critically than those in a good one and messages can cause emotion as well as shape
how people respond to the messages
cultural norms - ANS-factor that affect emotions and communication. some aspects of
emotional experiences are shared across cultures - like automatic parts of emotions like
physiological changes, facial displays, and action tendencies. includes display rules.
shapes how people express everyday emotions like in Costa Rica, they like expressing
positive emotions and not negative ones. age and sex plays a role
emotional intelligence - ANS-factor that affect emotions and communication. the ability
to understand and manage one's own feelings, as well as the moods and emotions of
others and being able to recognize emotional nuances, put emotional information to
use, understand how emotions work, and promote or suppress emotional experiences
in one's self and in others
relationship context - ANS-factor that affect emotions and communication. nature of
relationship between partners. close relationships have many opportunities to help or
hinder each other's goals to evoke emotions and are the most emotionally volatile.
convey emotions to people you trust because you're vulnerable
the dark side of emotion - ANS-aspects of interaction that involve socially inappropriate
goals, harmful behaviors, or painful experiences, like hurt, grief and jealousy
hurt - ANS-a blended emotion that includes sadness, fear, and sometimes anger
grief - ANS-an extreme state of sadness that includes feelings of despair, panic, guilt,
and anger
jealousy - ANS-an emotion that arises from perceptions that a valued relationship is
threatened by a partner's competing interests
mood - ANS-enduring state, waking up in a bad mood or a good mood, emotions can
lead to a mood
secondary emotions -
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