Growth is an increase in - ✔✔ physical size
Development - ✔✔ is an increase in capability or function
-development does not always follow
... [Show More] growth and chronological age
-chronological age and developmental age are two different things
Cephalocaudal development is development that moves from the... - ✔✔ head downward through the body and towards the feet
Proximodistal development is development that moves from the... - ✔✔ center of the body outward to the extremities
Define play... - ✔✔ play is the "work" of children
-it is how they learn new things. socialize and learn to use coping skills
-in addition to growth and developmental level, you must also think about the client's disease when choosing toys
-for children with a heart defect, you would not give them something to do that will excite and increase their heart rate because that would increase the workload on the heart and we NEVER want to increase the workload on the heart of a client with heart disease
You are taking care of a 5 month old baby. What toy is most appropriate for an infant? - ✔✔ rattle- working on grasp reflex
When a baby is born, they have... grasp reflex - ✔✔ involuntary
You are caring for an 11 year old boy in the hospital. What would be an appropriate activity for him? - ✔✔ -playing video games in the room
-coin collecting
-watching TV
-reading his favorite book
When does the anterior fontanel close? - ✔✔ 12 to 18 months
When does the posterior fontanel close? - ✔✔ 2 to 3 months
Why are new foods introduced to infants one at a time? - ✔✔ allergies, and they also have immature GI tracts
Why are peanuts so dangerous when aspirated? - ✔✔ when peanuts are wet, they will swell and crumble
-dangerous for airway, hard to remove and allergy risk
When giving an IM injection why is the ventrogluteal muscle contraindicated in children who have not been walking for at least a year? - ✔✔ the ventrogluteal muscle is not developed well enough
When viewing the auditory canal in the young child how is the earlobe positioned? - ✔✔ down and back
-bigger they are, harder you pull
What are the most common reason for failed toilet training? - ✔✔ they are not ready
-never make toilet training punishable
-takes boys longer
How many cups of milk should a 15- month old toddler consume daily? - ✔✔ 2 to 3 cups
At what age does the best friend stage occur? - ✔✔ 9 to 10 years
What are the leading causes of death from accidental injury in infants up to 1 year of age? - ✔✔ suffocation, motor vehicle related injuries, and drowning (bathtub or small amount of water)
-falls are leading cause of ER visits
Car seat safety: general guidelines - ✔✔ -do not place car seat in the front passenger side of the car because of airbags
-place infants <20 pounds in the middle of the back seat in the rear-facing, semi-reclined car seat; this provides the best protection for their heavy head and weak neck
-in children 12 to 23 months of age, a convertible car seat for age and weight is recommended and can be positioned facing forward
-car seats should be used, regardless of age, until the child weighs at least 30 pounds
-never place padding under or behind an infant or child in a car seat (during car crash padding can become compressed leading to slack in the harness)
-booster seats can be used for children 4 to 8 years
Hyperthermia and car seat safety - ✔✔ -can occur from being left in a vehicle in hot weather (greater than 80 degrees)
-develops rapidly because infants are not able to regulate their body temperature
-forgetting to get infants out of the car has been related to busy schedules, distractions such as cell phones and other mental preoccupations
Between ages 6 and 12, what is the major cause of severe accidental injury? - ✔✔ motor vehicle accidents
-helmet safety
Teach stranger safety... - ✔✔ including not talking or texting to anyone they don't know on the internet, social media sites, or phone
What happens to the growth rate between 6 and 12 years? - ✔✔ decreases
A school age child requires, on average, how many calories per day? - ✔✔ 2400 calories
How much earlier do girls experience the onset of adolescence than boys? - ✔✔ about 1 to 2 years
What is the first step in collecting vital signs or an assessment? - ✔✔ always begin with observation
Distraction techniques - ✔✔ -used to make sure we are getting most accurate set of vital signs (pen lights, age appropriate toys, stickers)
-don't forget to talk to the parents, even before you talk to the child. You need a trusting relationship with them
Order to obtain vital signs - ✔✔ -least invasive first
-observe before touching or even talking to them
-progression of obtaining vital signs: respiration, heart rate (done at same time), blood pressure, temperature
-in infants and toddlers, always count RR and HR for one full minute because of irregularities due to their immature nervous system regulation
-if vital signs cannot be taken without disturbing the child, then record the behavior with the measurements
Rectal temperature - ✔✔ considered the most reliable route for measurements in infants and children
-do not get rectal temperatures on newborns, it is too risk to perforate the anus
-contraindicated in any child who has diarrhea, rectal lesions, is receiving chemotherapy, is immuno-suppressed, or has no rectum [Show Less]