Fractures: Signs/Symptoms include - ✔✔ -pain and tenderness
-unnatural movement
-deformity (possible)
-shortening of
... [Show More] extremity
-crepitus
-swelling
-discoloration
-worry about compartment syndrome
Fractures Signs/Symptoms: Shortening of extremity occurs d/t - ✔✔ muscle spasm
Fractures: Treatment includes - ✔✔ -immobilize
-support
-limit movement as much as possible
-splint
-neurovascular checks
Fractures Treatment: Immobilize the bone _______ plus the ___________________ - ✔✔ ends; adjacent joints
Fractures Treatment: Support fracture - ✔✔ above and below site
Fractures Treatment: Move extremity as - ✔✔ little as possible
Fractures Treatment: Splints help prevent - ✔✔ fat emboli and muscle spasms
Fractures Treatment: What do you do with open fractures? - ✔✔ preferably cover with something sterile
Fractures Treatment: What is the most important thing? - ✔✔ neurovascular checks
Fractures Treatment: What are the neurovascular checks? - ✔✔ -pulses
-color
-movement
-sensation
-capillary refill
-temperature
Fractures: Complications can include - ✔✔ -shock
-fat embolism
-compartment syndrome
Fractures Complications: Shock can occur depending on - ✔✔ amount of trauma and type of injury
Fractures Complications: Shock can occur specifically with - ✔✔ -pelvic fractures
-crushing fractures
-multiple long bone fractures
Fractures Complications: With what type of fractures do you see fat embolism? - ✔✔ -long bones (femur)
-pelvic fractures
-crushing injuries
Fractures Complications: The same fracture that can cause fat embolism also cause - ✔✔ shock
Fractures Complications: Signs/Symptoms of fat emboli depend on - ✔✔ where the fat emboli goes
Fractures Complications: Signs/Symptoms of fat emboli include - ✔✔ -petechiae or rash over chest
-conjunctival hemorrhages
-snowstorm on CXR
Fractures Complications: Why does petechiae or rash over chest occur with fat emboli? - ✔✔ because there is embolization of skin capillaries
Fractures Complications: What is a snowstorm on on CXR associated with fat emboli? - ✔✔ patchy infiltrates
Fractures Complications: Fat emboli can occur more in men because of their - ✔✔ risky behavior
Fractures Complications: Fat emboli usually occur within - ✔✔ the first 36 hours after injury
Fractures Complications: Compartment syndrome is - ✔✔ increased pressure within a limited space
Fractures Complications: With compartment syndrome, fluid - ✔✔ accumulates in the tissue and impairs tissue perfusion
Fractures Complications: With compartment syndrome, the muscle becomes ______________________ and the client reports __________________________________ - ✔✔ swollen and hard; severe pain that is not relieved with pain meds
Fractures Complications: With compartment syndrome, the pain is - ✔✔ disproportionate to the injury (more than you would expect)
Fractures Complications: If compartment syndrome is undetected, it may result in - ✔✔ nerve damage and possible amputation
Fractures Complications: What are common areas for compartment syndrome? - ✔✔ forearm and quadriceps
Fractures Complications: You don't need to have a fracture to get - ✔✔ compartment syndrome (ex. carpal tunnel)
Compartment Syndrome: Treatment includes - ✔✔ -loosening cast
-fasciotomy
Compartment Syndrome Treatment: If they have a cast, - ✔✔ loosen the cast to restore circulation by bivalving it
Compartment Syndrome Treatment: Removing the cast is NOT - ✔✔ first choice answer
Compartment Syndrome Treatment: What do you use to remove or loosen the cast? - ✔✔ cast cutters
Compartment Syndrome Treatment: With a cast saw, explain to the client that - ✔✔ the cast saw does not touch the skin, but it does vibrate [Show Less]