HSC MISC Pharmacology Exam 1: Weeks 1-3 2023- Florida International University/HSC MISC Pharmacology Exam 1: Weeks 1-3 2023- Florida International
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Intro to Pharmacology:
What is Pharmacology:
● Derived from Greek words: pharmakon which means “medicine” and logos which means
“study” or simply defined as the study of medicine
● Broad term for the study or science of “drugs”
● Includes the study of how drugs are administered and how the body responds
Drugs Are Used To:
● Prevent - ex. Birth control
● Cure - ex. Chemo (in some cases)
● Diagnose - ex. contrast dye, TB test
● Alleviate - ex. make pain less severe but does not remove completely
● Relieve - ex. completely remove pain; Note: pain is rated on a 0-10 scale
Pharmacognosy:
● Study of natural sources of drugs:
○ Plants: Morphine
○ Animals: Insulin & Heparin (older forms), & Premarin
○ Minerals: Iron (Fe), Aspirin (ASA)
○ Synthetic: Lab created - Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
○ Semi-synthetic: Natural & man-made - Most antibiotics
Drug Classifications:
● Therapeutic Classification: What it will treat
○ Usefulness in treating specific diseases or disorders
■ Ex. anti-coagulants, anti-HTN, anti-anginal
● Pharmacologic Classification: How it will work in the body
○ Refers to the way the drug works at the molecular, tissue, or body system
■ Ex. Diuretic, calcium channel blocker (CCB), vasodilator
● Prototype: Well-understood model drug with which other drugs in a pharmacologic class
may be compared
○ 1st drug developed in the category
Naming of Drugs: (most drugs have three names)
● Chemical Name:
○ Relates to the chemical structure
○ Describes the drug’s chemical composition
■ Ex. N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
● Generic Name: (used for exam)
○ Non-proprietary name; assigned by US Adopted Name Council (USANC)
■ Ex. acetaminophen (not capitalized)
● Trade Name:
○ Proprietary - assigned by manufacturer
○ Registered trademark; use of name restricted by drug’s patent owner
■ Ex. Tylenol (capitalized)
● Combination Name:
○ Drug product w/ more than one active generic ingredient
Regulatory Acts, Standards, and Organizations:
● Was not mentioned in LES. Review on ppt slide.
FDA Drug Approval Process:
● Phase I - Preclinical Investigation (HEALTHY PATIENTS)
○ Side effects & Occurrence
● Phase II - Clinical Investigation (HEALTHY & SICK (PLACEBO+DRUG))
○ Longest part; small clinical test group
● Phase III - Review of New Drug Application (NDA)
○ 17-24 months; FDA reviews info from Phase 2
● Phase IV - Post-Marketing Surveillance
○ FDA approved; see side effects within population & recall if necessary
Schedule for Controlled Substances:
● Schedules 1, 2, 3 mentioned in LES ***Know the abuse potential***
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